Correction and Retraction

Efisiensi keeps the scholarly record accurate. This policy explains how manuscripts may be withdrawn before publication and how published articles are corrected, flagged, or retracted. It follows the COPE Retraction Guidelines. Published articles are never silently changed or removed: every change is made through a linked, dated notice.

1. Withdrawal before Publication

Authors may withdraw a manuscript at any stage before publication by sending a written request with the reason, signed by all authors, to the editor.
Withdrawal is free of charge. The journal does not impose fines or sanctions for withdrawal, except where misconduct is involved (Research Misconduct).
Authors may not submit the same manuscript elsewhere until the journal has confirmed the withdrawal.

2. Types of Notices

Notice	When it is used	Who initiates
Erratum (publisher's correction)	An error introduced by the journal during production, such as a typesetting error or a wrong date or DOI.	Journal
Corrigendum (author's correction)	An error by the authors that does not affect the main findings, such as an incorrect figure label, affiliation, or a missing statement.	Authors or journal
Change of authorship	A justified change to the author list after publication (Authorship Policy).	Authors
Expression of concern	Serious concerns while an investigation is under way or inconclusive.	Editor
Retraction	The findings are unreliable (error or misconduct), or the article involves plagiarism, duplicate publication, unethical research, or manipulated peer review.	Editor, authors, or institution
Removal	Only in rare legal cases, such as defamation or a serious privacy breach. The title and a notice remain.	Publisher

3. Procedure for Corrections

The request or finding is sent to the editor at efisiensi@uny.ac.id with the article details and the proposed correction.
The editor checks the request, consults the authors and, if needed, reviewers, within 14 days.
If a correction is justified, a notice is published as a separate item with its own DOI, linked to the original article.
The article PDF is updated with a note on the first page referring to the notice, and the change is recorded as a new version in OJS. The original version remains available.

4. Procedure for Retractions

The editor gathers the evidence and asks the authors to respond within 30 days.
Where needed, the editor consults reviewers, the editorial board, or the authors' institution.
The Editor-in-Chief decides, following the COPE flowcharts.
A retraction notice is published with the reason, who requested it, and its date. The article remains online with a “RETRACTED” watermark, and the record is updated in Crossref.
Where misconduct is involved, the authors' institutions may be informed.

5. Model Wording

Corrigendum. “Corrigendum to ‘[Title]’ [Efisiensi, Vol. X No. Y, pages], DOI. The authors regret that [description of the error]. The correct [item] is [correction]. This correction does not change the conclusions of the article.”

Retraction. “Retraction of ‘[Title]’ [Efisiensi, Vol. X No. Y, pages], DOI. This article has been retracted at the request of [the authors / the Editor-in-Chief] because [reason]. [The authors agree / do not agree] with this retraction.”

6. How to Submit a Request

Who: authors, readers, reviewers, institutions, or the editors.
Channel: email to efisiensi@uny.ac.id with the subject “Correction request” or “Retraction request”.
Information: article title, DOI, the issue identified, evidence, and, for authors, the agreement of all co-authors.

7. Timeline

Step	Time
Acknowledgement of the request	Within 7 days
Decision on a correction	Within 30 days
Decision on a retraction	Normally within 90 days, depending on the investigation
Publication of the notice	Within 14 days of the decision