Authorship Policy

This policy explains who qualifies as an author of an article in Efisiensi, how contributions are reported, and how changes and disputes are handled. It follows COPE guidance, the ICMJE criteria, and the CRediT taxonomy.

1. Authorship Criteria

Each author must meet all four criteria:

  1. a substantial contribution to the conception or design of the work, or to the collection, analysis, or interpretation of data;
  2. drafting the manuscript or revising it critically for important content;
  3. approval of the final version to be published;
  4. agreement to be accountable for all aspects of the work.

Contributions that do not by themselves justify authorship

  • Obtaining funding, supervising a unit, or providing general administrative support.
  • Collecting data without further involvement in the work.
  • Language editing, translation, or technical assistance.

These contributors are thanked in the Acknowledgements, with their permission.

2. Unacceptable Practices

  • Gift or honorary authorship: naming someone who did not contribute, for example because of position.
  • Ghost authorship: leaving out someone who made a substantial contribution.
  • Buying or selling authorship, or adding authors in exchange for payment or favours.
  • Listing AI tools as authors.

3. Order of Authors and Corresponding Author

The order of authors is decided jointly by the authors before submission. The corresponding author communicates with the journal, ensures that all co-authors have approved the submission and the statements, and keeps them informed.

4. Reporting Contributions (CRediT)

Every article includes an Author Contribution Statement using the CRediT roles, for example: conceptualisation, methodology, software, validation, formal analysis, investigation, resources, data curation, writing – original draft, writing – review and editing, visualisation, supervision, project administration, and funding acquisition.

Example. “A.B.: conceptualisation, methodology, writing – original draft. C.D.: data curation, formal analysis. E.F.: supervision, writing – review and editing. All authors approved the final manuscript.”

5. Author Information

  • Full names without academic titles, exactly as they should appear in indexes.
  • Department, institution, city, and country for each author, consistent between the PDF and OJS metadata.
  • Institutional email for the corresponding author and an ORCID iD for every author.

6. Changes to Authorship

6.1 Before acceptance

A request to add, remove, or reorder authors is sent by the corresponding author with the reason and a statement signed by all authors, including any author being added or removed.

6.2 After acceptance

Changes are made only in exceptional cases, with the same documents and the editor's approval.

6.3 After publication

Changes require a correction notice (Correction and Retraction).

7. Authorship Disputes

The journal does not judge authorship disputes. It asks the authors to resolve the dispute, and if they cannot, refers it to their institutions. Processing or publication may be paused until the dispute is settled.

8. Responsibilities after Publication

All authors share responsibility for the published article and must cooperate if questions, corrections, or retractions arise.

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