Complaints may relate to editorial conduct, procedural irregularities, communication, unreasonable delays, or concerns regarding the fairness of manuscript handling. Allegations of research misconduct are addressed under the journal's publication ethics procedures.

Complaints should be submitted in writing through the journal's official contact channel, stating the nature of the concern, relevant manuscript details, and supporting information where available. Complaints involving an editor should be referred for independent consideration.

The editorial team reviews complaints objectively and may request clarification from the parties concerned. Appropriate corrective action will be considered when a complaint is substantiated. Complainants should be informed of the outcome where appropriate. Complaints are handled confidentially as far as reasonably possible.