Reference Style

Reference Style  ·  Jurnal Civics
Citing and referencing.
APA 7th edition, citing in the text, reference managers, and examples.
01
Reference style
Jurnal Civics uses the APA 7th edition for citations in the text and for the reference list. Use one style throughout the manuscript.
Quantity More than 25 references.
Sources At least 80% peer-reviewed journal articles published in the last 10 years. The rest may be books, theses, or research reports.
Reference list Alphabetical by the first author’s surname, with a hanging indent. Every source cited appears in the list, and every listed source is cited.
DOI Give each DOI as a full https://doi.org/ link.
Book reviews Minimal references. The reviewed book is given in full at the start.
02
Citing in the text
—  One or two authors: give both surnames every time, joined by “&” in brackets (Creswell & Poth, 2018).
—  Three or more authors: give the first surname and “et al.” from the first citation (Dwee et al., 2012).
—  Direct quotation: add the page number (Anderson, 1983, p. 6). Set quotations of 40 words or more as an indented block without quotation marks.
—  Several sources: list them in alphabetical order, separated by semicolons (Anderson, 1983; Hermann, 2008).
—  Secondary sources: cite the original only when you have read it. Otherwise cite the source you read.
—  Do not use footnotes or endnotes for references.
03
Reference manager
Manage citations and references with a reference manager that supports APA 7th edition, so that the in-text citations and the reference list stay consistent. Check every entry by hand after the manager has formatted it: titles, DOIs, and capitalisation are the usual errors.
—  Choose the APA 7th edition style, in English.
—  Check that each entry has the DOI as a full link where one exists.
—  Remove field codes or link the document to plain text before uploading the anonymised file, so that no author data stays in the file.
04
Examples (APA 7th edition)
Use these formats in the reference list. Each entry is followed by its citation in the text.
Book, one author
Anderson, B. (1983). Imagined communities. Verso.
In text: (Anderson, 1983)
Book, two authors
Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry and research design: Choosing among five approaches. SAGE Publications.
In text: (Creswell & Poth, 2018)
Book, three or more authors
Dwee, D., Dion, H. B., & Brown, I. S. (2012). Information behaviour concept: A basic introduction. University of Life Press.
In text: (Dwee et al., 2012)
Chapter in an edited book
Hermann, M. G. (2008). Content analysis. In A. Klotz & D. Prakash (Eds.), Qualitative methods in international relations (pp. 151–167). Palgrave Macmillan.
In text: (Hermann, 2008)
Journal article with DOI
Kusumaningrum, D. (2016). Interdependence versus truth and justice: Lessons from reconciliation processes in Maluku. Jurnal Ilmu Sosial dan Ilmu Politik, 20(1), 34–49. https://doi.org/10.22146/jsp.17998
In text: (Kusumaningrum, 2016)
Journal article with URL
Ahmann, E., Tuttle, L. J., Saviet, M., & Wright, S. D. (2018). A descriptive review of ADHD coaching research: Implications for college students. Journal of Postsecondary Education and Disability, 31(1), 24–58. https://www.ahead.org/professional-resources/publications/jped/archived-jped/jped-volume-31
In text: (Ahmann et al., 2018)
Newspaper article
Fung, M. (2006, December 12). Asthma rates increasing. Winnipeg Free Press, C4.
In text: (Fung, 2006)
Newspaper article with URL
Harris, M. (2011, August 16). Grades improve if classes start later, studies find. The Calgary Herald. http://www.calgaryherald.com/
In text: (Harris, 2011)
Web page
Author, A. A. (2020). Title of the web page. Site Name. https://www.example.org/page
In text: (Author, 2020)
Translated book
Mancuso, S., & Viola, A. (2015). Brilliant green: The surprising history and science of plant intelligence (J. Benham, Trans.). Island Press.
In text: (Mancuso & Viola, 2015)
Unpublished thesis
Neo, M. C. (2000). The role of education as a process of human release from various problems of life [Unpublished master’s thesis]. University of Life.
In text: (Neo, 2000)
Published thesis or book
May, B. (2017). A survey of radial velocities in the zodiacal dust cloud. Canopus Publishing.
In text: (May, 2017)
05
Related pages