Corretion and Retraction Policy

Correction and Retraction Policy  ·  Jurnal Civics
The record is corrected in the open.
Withdrawal, corrections, expressions of concern, retractions, and how to ask for them.
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Principles
Jurnal Civics follows the guidance of the Committee on Publication Ethics (COPE) on corrections and retractions. Read this policy together with Post-publication Discussions and Corrections and Research Misconduct.
Guiding principles. (1) The version of record is never changed silently. (2) Corrections and retractions aim to fix the literature, not to punish authors. (3) Honest error is distinguished from misconduct. (4) Authors are consulted, but the editors make the final decision. (5) Every notice is public, citable, linked to the original article, and reported to indexing services.
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Withdrawal before publication
—  Before acceptance. Authors may withdraw by a written request to the editor, confirmed by all authors and stating the reasons. The withdrawal takes effect only when the editor confirms it in writing. Until then, the manuscript must not be sent to another journal.
—  After acceptance. Allowed only for compelling reasons, such as a serious error or an ethical problem, and with the editor’s approval.
—  Published articles, including Online First. Cannot be withdrawn. They can only be corrected or retracted.
—  Suspected misconduct. The editors may continue to handle the case under the Research Misconduct policy even after a withdrawal.
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Types of notices
Every notice has a clear title, its own DOI, two-way links to the original article, and is indexed. The original article stays online with a visible pointer to the notice.
Erratum (publisher’s correction)
For significant errors introduced by the journal during copyediting, typesetting, or publication, such as author names, affiliations, figures, tables, or metadata.
Corrigendum (author’s correction)
For significant errors by the authors that do not invalidate the main findings, such as wrong data, a wrong table, figure, or reference, an omitted funding source or conflict of interest, or a wrong affiliation. Minor errors in spelling, punctuation, or formatting are normally not corrected. If the conclusions are invalid, retraction is considered instead, possibly with a replacement.
Changes to authorship
Adding, removing, or reordering authors after publication needs the reasons, the signatures of all authors including any author being removed, and a CRediT statement. It is published as a corrigendum. Disputes are referred to the authors’ institutions under COPE guidance, and the article is not changed until the dispute is resolved. Name changes for personal reasons are made on request, discreetly if the author prefers, and the Crossref metadata are updated.
Expression of concern
Issued when serious doubts exist but the evidence is inconclusive, the institution will not investigate, or an investigation will take time. It is later followed by a correction, a retraction, or an update saying the concern has been resolved.
Retraction
Triggered by unreliable findings (major error, fabrication, or falsification), plagiarism or redundant publication, unethical research or unauthorised use of data, compromised peer review, or an undisclosed major conflict of interest. Authors or editors may start it. The editors decide and may proceed without the authors’ agreement. The article stays online, watermarked “RETRACTED”, with updated metadata and a notice that states the reason, who started it, and whether misconduct was found.
Removal
Exceptional only: defamatory content, legal infringement, a court order, or a serious safety risk such as identifiable personal data. The full text is removed. The title, authors, DOI, and an explanatory notice remain.
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Choosing the right action
Minor error (typo, formatting) No notice
Significant journal error Erratum
Significant author error, conclusions still valid Corrigendum
Serious concerns, evidence inconclusive or investigation ongoing Expression of concern
Honest error that invalidates the conclusions, with valid corrected findings Retraction with replacement
Unreliable findings, plagiarism, duplicate publication, unethical research, compromised review Retraction
Defamation, legal infringement, court order, serious safety risk Removal
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Correction procedure
1.  Request. The corresponding author (for all authors) or any reader emails the editorial office with the subject “Correction request – [DOI]”, giving the location of the error, the wrong and the corrected text, its cause, its effect on the results, and, for authors, the agreement of the co-authors.
2.  Acknowledgement. Within 7 working days.
3.  Assessment. The editor evaluates the significance of the error, consulting the authors and, if needed, reviewers or experts, and decides on the type of notice or on no action.
4.  Drafting. A plain, factual notice that cites the original article in full. Authors approve the wording of a corrigendum, normally within 14 days.
5.  Production. The notice is typeset, given a DOI, and published. A corrected file may be uploaded with a dated note on the first page.
6.  Linking and indexing. Two-way links, and metadata sent to Crossref (including Crossmark) and the indexing databases.
7.  Issue inclusion. Listed in the table of contents of the next available issue.
8.  Closure. The parties are informed. Normally completed within 60 days of the decision, longer for integrity cases that depend on institutional investigations.
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Retraction procedure
1.  Trigger. A request from the authors, the finding of an institutional investigation, the outcome of the journal’s misconduct assessment, or a notice from another journal or publisher.
2.  Assessment. The editors review the evidence, may consult experts, the editorial board, or COPE, and decide whether retraction is proportionate.
3.  Author consultation. Authors are informed and invited to respond within 30 days. The wording is agreed where possible. If the authors do not respond or disagree, the editors may proceed and state the authors’ position.
4.  Decision. The Editor-in-Chief decides and documents the basis.
5.  Notice. Titled “Retraction: [article title]”, with the full citation, who asked for it, the reason (distinguishing honest error from misconduct), and whether the authors agree. It is objective, non-defamatory, and free to read.
6.  Marking. The article stays online with a “RETRACTED” watermark on every PDF page, a clear label in the HTML version, a link to the notice, and updated metadata.
7.  Registration. The notice has its own DOI, is registered with Crossref (and Crossmark where available), reported to the indexing services, and included in the next issue.
8.  Communication. The authors, the person who raised the concern, and where relevant institutions and funders are informed.
9.  Timing. Normally published within 30 days of the decision.
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Model wording
Corrigendum. “Correction to: [Authors] ([Year]). [Title]. Jurnal Civics: Media Kajian Kewarganegaraan, [Vol]([Issue]), [pages]. https://doi.org/[DOI]. In the original article, [description of the error]. The correct [text/value/figure] is: [correction]. This correction does not change the findings or conclusions of the article. The authors apologise for the error.”
Expression of concern. “The editors of Jurnal Civics are issuing this expression of concern regarding [citation] because [concern]. [The authors’ institution has been asked to investigate / An investigation is ongoing.] Readers are advised to interpret the article with caution until further notice.”
Retraction. “The following article has been retracted at the request of [the authors / the editors]: [citation]. Following [an investigation / information provided by …], [reason, for example substantial overlap with a previously published article without attribution]. [The authors agree / do not agree / did not respond to] this retraction.”
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Submitting a request
Who may submit
—  Corrections or retractions: the corresponding author, with the written agreement of all co-authors.
—  Withdrawal of a manuscript under review: the corresponding author, with the agreement of the co-authors.
—  Errors or concerns in published articles: anyone, including readers, reviewers, institutions, and editors.
Channels
1.  Email the Editor-in-Chief at journalcivics@uny.ac.id, using the subject lines below.
2.  Through OJS, if the manuscript is still in the workflow: send a message in Discussions and attach the letter.
Withdrawal Withdrawal request – [Submission ID] – [short title]
Correction Correction request – [DOI]
Retraction by the authors Retraction request – [DOI]
Report by a reader Error/concern report – [DOI]
What to send
—  The submission ID or the citation and DOI.
—  A signed request letter and the confirmations of the co-authors (copies of emails are acceptable).
—  For corrections: the location of the error, the incorrect and the corrected text, the cause, and the effect on the results. For a table or figure, send the corrected table in Word or an image of at least 300 dpi.
—  For retractions: the reasons and the evidence.
—  For reader reports: specific evidence, such as overlapping passages or a comparison of data.
Letters
A request letter for withdrawal, correction, or retraction names the addressee and the subject line, states the request and the reason or the error details, states that all co-authors agree, and carries the signature block of the corresponding author.
After you submit
—  You receive an acknowledgement with a case number within 7 working days.
—  The editors may ask for more information, and tell you the decision and the type of notice proposed.
—  Authors approve the wording of a corrigendum or comment on a retraction notice.
—  The notice is published, and the link and DOI are sent to you.
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How notices appear to readers
—  Article page: a label such as “Corrected”, “Expression of Concern”, or “Retracted”, a link to the notice, and a publication history.
—  PDF: a corrected article carries a dated note on the first page. A retracted article carries a “RETRACTED” watermark on every page. The original versions may remain accessible.
—  Issue: notices are listed under “Corrections” or “Retractions” in the table of contents of the next issue.
—  Metadata: every notice has its own DOI and is linked through Crossref and the indexing services.
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Timeline
Acknowledgement 7 working days
Assessment and decision (corrections) 30 days
Authors approve the corrigendum wording 14 days
Publication of a correction after approval 14 days
Authors respond to an intended retraction 30 days
Publication of a retraction after the decision 30 days
Overall completion, excluding institutional investigations 60 days
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Questions
Can authors upload a corrected file themselves? No. Only the journal can change published files, through a formal notice.
Does a correction harm reputation? No. Prompt correction of an honest error is viewed positively.
Can a retracted article be cited? Yes, but the citation should note the retraction.
Are there fees? No.
What if co-authors disagree? A request without the agreement of all authors is generally not acted on, unless there is clear evidence of error or misconduct. Disputes go to the institutions under COPE guidance.
Can a withdrawn manuscript be submitted elsewhere? Yes, once the withdrawal is confirmed in writing, unless the withdrawal involved misconduct.
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Contact and related
Send correction requests, retraction requests, or related concerns to the Editor-in-Chief through the journal website, quoting the article title and DOI, or to journalcivics@uny.ac.id.
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Sources
Committee on Publication Ethics. (2017). Core practices. https://publicationethics.org/core-practices
Committee on Publication Ethics. (2025). Retraction guidelines (Version 3). https://publicationethics.org/guidance/guideline/retraction-guidelines
Committee on Publication Ethics. (n.d.). Flowcharts. https://publicationethics.org/guidance/Flowcharts