Authorship and Responsibility

• AI tools cannot be listed as authors or co-authors.
• Authors remain fully responsible for their manuscripts, including AI-assisted content.
• Authors must verify the accuracy, originality, validity, and reliability of all statements, references, data, and research findings.

Permitted Use and Disclosure

Authors may use AI tools to support language editing, translation, manuscript organization, literature exploration, and other research activities under appropriate human supervision.

The use of generative AI to produce or substantially revise manuscript content must be disclosed in a section titled “Declaration of AI Use”, placed immediately before the references. The declaration should identify the AI tool used, its purpose, and the authors’ verification of the generated content.

The use of AI in research methods, including data analysis, instrument development, or the production of instructional materials, must also be described in the Methods section. Authors should provide sufficient information about the procedures, verification, validation, and limitations of the AI-assisted processes.

Research Integrity and Confidentiality

AI must not be used to fabricate or falsify data, references, participant responses, research evidence, or findings.

• Synthetic data and AI-generated instructional materials must be clearly identified and distinguished from empirical data and research results.
• AI-generated or AI-assisted illustrations must be appropriately disclosed where relevant.
• Data visualizations must accurately represent the underlying data.
• Authors must protect personal information, confidential materials, research participants’ privacy, and third-party intellectual property rights when using AI services.
• Manuscript content and research data must not be entered into AI services in ways that violate confidentiality obligations, data-protection requirements, or applicable ethical standards.

Responsibilities of Reviewers and Editors

• Reviewers and editors must maintain the confidentiality of submitted manuscripts, review reports, and related materials.
• They must not upload confidential manuscripts or associated materials to public or otherwise unapproved AI services.
• Any permitted AI assistance must comply with confidentiality requirements and be disclosed to the appropriate editorial authority when necessary.
• Scientific evaluation, peer-review judgments, and editorial decisions remain the responsibility of human reviewers and editors.
• AI tools must not replace independent scholarly judgment or determine editorial decisions autonomously.

Compliance and Editorial Action

JEP reserves the right to request clarification or supporting documentation regarding the use of AI in submitted manuscripts.

Suspected violations of this policy will be assessed in accordance with the journal’s publication ethics procedures, taking into account the nature and severity of the issue and providing authors with an opportunity to respond.

Depending on the findings, editorial action may include: