China's K-12 teacher qualification system

Dani Surya Lee

doi:10.21831/pep.v23i1.24065

China's K-12 teacher qualification system

Dani Surya Lee, Faculty of Education, Southwest University, Chongqing China, China

10.21831/pep.v23i1.24065

Abstract

A strict teacher qualification system is vital to ensure a steady stream flow of high-quality human resources. In 1993, the People's Republic of China established the Teacher Law demanding that teachers must have legal status and qualifications. It has put into effect a system of qualification that could determine the readiness of K-12 teacher candidates to be practitioners of education. This country's teacher qualification system has experienced changes and adaptations until it has reached the current form in 2016's Teacher Qualification Examination, as more than a tool merely for formality or evaluation of rote learning, but an actual assessment of pre-service teachers' knowledge and abilities to conduct classroom teaching in authentic settings. This paper introduces this qualification examination system, while also mentioning some important and distinguishable aspects of teachers' situations in China, in the hope that it will shed some light on how this Asian giant is currently conducting its education.

Keywords

teacher qualification; K-12 teachers; education in China

Full Text:

PDF

References

Chen, Q. H. (2014). Jiaoshi zige kaoshi zhidu gaige gei xiaoxue jiaoshi zhiqian peiyang dailai de tiaozhan yu jiyu [Challenges and opportunities brought by the teacher qualification examination system reform for primary school pre-service teacher training]. Jiaoshi Jiaoyu Luntan, (27), 54–56.

Cheng, Y. (2016). Jiaoshi zigezheng guokao dui xueqian jiaoyu zhuanye rencai peiyang de tiaozhan yu jiyu [The challenges and opportunities of the national teacher qualification exam for talent cultivation in pre-school education major]. Jiangxi Guangbo Dianshi Daxue Xuebao, (4), 89–91.

Chinese Ministry of Education. Teachers law of the People’s Republic of China (2009). People’s Republic of China. Retrieved from http://en.moe.gov.cn/Resources/Laws_and_Policies/201506/t20150626_191385.html

Chongqing Shi Jiaoyu Kaoshi Yuan [Chongqing Educational Examination Institute]. (2017). Chongqing shi 2017 nian shang bannian zhong xiaoxue jiaoshi zige kaoshi mianshi gonggao [Primary and secondary school teacher qualification examination interview notice of Chongqing city for the first half of 2017]. Retrieved from http://www.ntce.cn/html1/report/1704/932-1.htm

Fu, Y. (2003). Jiaoshi zhuanye hua jincheng de lishi huigu yujiaoshi zige zhidu de zhongyao zuoyong [The historical review of teacher specialization and the important role of teacher qualification system]. Chengdu Shifan Gaodeng Zhuanke Xuexiao Xuebao, (22), 41–43.

Gao, K. (2005). Jiaoshi zige renzheng zhidu de zuoyong ji qi wanshan [The function and other excellence of teacher qualification system]. Zhiye Shikong, (4), 22–23.

Goodman, G., Arbona, C., & de Rameriz, R. D. (2008). High-stakes, minimum-competency exams: How competent are they for evaluating teacher competence? Journal of Teacher Education, 59(1), 24–39. https://doi.org/10.1177/0022487107309972

Gui, W. L. (2014). Woguo jiaoshi zige kaoshi xinjiu bishi dagang duibi yu fenxi [Comparison and analysis of China’s current and former teacher qualification written examination]. Kaoshi Yanjiu, (3), 86–91.

Han, C. H., Zhong, W. M., Liang, F., Peng, R., & Chen, Z. L. (2017). Jiaoshi zige kaoshi tizhi gaige xia shifansheng mianlin de tiaozhan he yingdui cuoshi [Challenges for teacher-training school students and the countermeasures under the reform of teacher qualification examination system]. Jiaoyu Guancha, (6), 133–137.

Li, Y. (2010). Quality assurance in Chinese higher education. Research in Comparative and International Education, 5(1), 58–76. https://doi.org/10.2304/rcie.2010.5.1.58

Liu, D. M., & Bai, Z. F. (2016). Jiaoshi zigezheng gaige beijing xie shifan jiaoyu zhuanye jiaoxue gaige de sikao [Reflections on the teaching reform of the education in teacher-training schools under the background of teacher qualification reform - study case of Yulin College]. Yulin Xueyuan, (26), 91–93.

Looney, J. (2011). Developing high-quality teachers: Teacher evaluation for improvement. European Journal of Education, 46(4), 440–455. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1465-3435.2011.01492.x

Mei, F. (2017). Xiaoxue laoshi gongzi yiban duoshao [The general wages for primary school teachers]. Retrieved from http://www.yjbys.com/wage/251172.html

Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China. Compulsory Education Law of the People’s Republic of China (1986). Retrieved from http://en.moe.gov.cn/Resources/Laws_and_Policies/201506/t20150626_191391.html

Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China. Teachers Law of the People’s Republic of China (1993). People’s Republic of China. Retrieved from http://en.moe.gov.cn/Resources/Laws_and_Policies/201506/t20150626_191385.html

Ministry of Education of the People’s Republic of China. Education Law of the People’s Republic of China (1995). People’s Republic of China. Retrieved from http://en.moe.gov.cn/Resources/Laws_and_Policies/201506/t20150626_191385.html

Shi, C. Y. (2017). Jiaoshi zige ‘guokao’ beijingxia youhua tijiao zhuanye rencai peiyang moshi yanjiu [A study on the model of optimizing talent training in physical education under the background of ‘the national examination’]. Jilin Tiyu Xueyuan Xuebao, (33), 90–93.

Vesely, A. K., Saklofske, D. H., & Leschied, A. D. W. (2013). Teachers—The vital resource: The contribution of emotional intelligence to teacher efficacy and well-being. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, 28(1), 71–89. https://doi.org/10.1177/0829573512468855

Zeng, H. (2016). Xin jiaoshi zigezheng ‘guokao’ de tedian ji zhongyao yingxiang fenxi [An analysis of the characteristics and important influence of the new teacher qualification certification]. Dangdai Jiaoyu Shijian Yu Jiaoxue Yanjiu, (4), 230–231.

Zhongguo Jiaoshi Zige Wang [China’s Teachers Qualification Network]. (2008). Jiaoshi zige tiaoli [Teacher certification regulations]. Retrieved from http://www.jszg.edu.cn/portal/policy_regulation/whole_policy?id=232

Zhongguo Jiaoyu Kaoshi Wang [China Educational Examination Network]. (2017). Kaoshi jieshao [Introduction to exams]. Retrieved from http://www.ntce.cn/html1/folder/1507/1181-1.htm

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21831/pep.v23i1.24065