Stability Analysis of Rice-Rat-Snake Population Dynamics Using Three Species Lotka-Volterra Model
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21831/jsd.v14i2.93868Keywords:
Population dynamics, Lotka–Volterra model, Stability analysis, Biological control, Numerical simulationAbstract
Rice production is often threatened by rat infestations, which can significantly reduce yield and disrupt food security. Incorporating biological predators, such as snakes, is considered a potential natural solution to suppress rat populations. This study aims to analyze the population stability of a rice-rat-snake ecological system using a mathematical modeling approach. A three-species Lotka–Volterra model is formulated to represent the growth of rice as the primary resource, rats as consumers, and snakes as predators. A literature study method is used to construct the model structure and assign biologically reasonable parameters. Stability analysis is performed by determining equilibrium points and examining their local stability through Jacobian evaluation. Numerical simulations are then carried out to illustrate the temporal behavior of the interacting populations. The results reveal the existence of a stable coexistence equilibrium, indicating that all three species can persist in balance under suitable ecological conditions. The simulation outputs show damped oscillatory dynamics that gradually converge to this equilibrium state. These findings suggest that the presence of snakes as natural predators plays a beneficial role in controlling rat populations, thereby supporting the maintenance of stable rice yields. This study highlights the potential contribution of biological control in enhancing the sustainability of rice farming ecosystems.
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