Advancing students’ reading literacy through the development of website-based multimodal instructional content
This study aimed to develop website-based multimodal instructional content to enhance the literacy competency of junior high school students in Indonesia. The study conducted developmental research adopting the ADDIE framework (analysis, design, development, implementation, and evaluation). In the analysis phase, it involved analyzing the educational needs and content through interviews with certified junior high school teachers and literacy experts. The design phase dealt with designing a reading-focused website, learning content, and assessment tools that were based on the analysis of learning goals, competencies, and study materials. In the development phase, it included feasibility testing of the developed website using the Fuzzy Delphi method with 10 experts, content validation with 5 experts, and instrument validation with 5 experts. In the implementation phase, the product was scrutinized through a quasi-experimental design to reveal its effectiveness. In the evaluation stage, it was conducted to evaluate the results of analysis, design, feasibility, and implementation of educational websites, learning content, and instruments. The Fuzzy Delphi method demonstrated that the reading literacy competence, linguistic features, and presentation met established validity and feasibility criteria, affirming the appropriateness of the developed content for instructional use. The empirical testing revealed that website-based multimodal instructional content is effective in enhancing students’ reading literacy competence.
Downloads
Ardianti, D., Lestari, R. Y., & Legiani, W. H. (2023). Development of digital comic using pixton based on the problem-based learning (pbl) model on PPKN material in class VII junior high school 10 at Serang city. Journal of Civics and Social Studies, 7(1), 40–48. https://doi.org/10.31980/civicos.v7i1.2901
Astuti, L., Wihardi, Y., & Rochintaniawati, D. (2020). The development of web-based learning using interactive media for science learning on levers in human body topic. Journal of Science Learning, 3(2), 89–98. https://doi.org/10.17509/jsl.v3i2.19366
Banditvilai, C. (2020). The effectiveness of reading strategies on reading comprehension. International Journal of Social Science and Humanity, 10(2), 46-50. http://www.ijssh.org/vol10/1012-CH06.pdf
Basaraba, D., Yovanoff, P., Alonzo, J., & Tindal, G. (2013). Examining the structure of reading comprehension: Do literal, inferential, and evaluative comprehension truly exist? Reading & Writing, 26(3), 349-379. https://doi.org/10.1007/s11145-012-9372-9
Bearne, E. (2009). Multimodality, literacy and texts: Developing a discourse. Journal of Early Childhood Literacy, 9(2), 156-187. https://doi.org/10.1177/1468798409105585
Bédi, B., & Þorláksdóttir, H. J. (2024). Icelandic Online for Children: Developing a web-based interactive course to enhance reading skills in L2 Icelandic for young learners. In Novel Techniques and Approaches in Language Teaching (NoTALaT): Short Papers from the NoTALaT Conference Reykjavík, (pp. 187-195). The Árni Magnússon Institute for Icelandic Studies.
Begum, Z., Sayeed, A., Taranum, F., Hijab, M., Ahmad, S.S. (2024). Text-based language learning application. In: Peng, SL., Mondal, A., Kagita, V.R., Sarkar, J.L. (eds) Proceedings of international conference on advanced communications and machine intelligence. MICA 2023. Smart Innovation, Systems and Technologies, vol 405. Springer, Singapore. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-981-97-6222-4_7
Branch, R. M. (2009). Instructional design: The ADDIE approach. Springer.
Danielsson, K., & Selander, S. (2016). Reading multimodal texts for learning – A model for cultivating multimodal literacy. Designs for Learning, 8(1), 25–36. https://doi.org/10.16993/dfl.72
DeCoito, I., & Briona, L. K. (2025). Exploring travel behaviour using a gamified web-based application “Catch the Bus©”. Journal of Transport & Health, 41, Article 102004. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jth.2025.102004
Fajriah, Y. N., Hamied, F. A., & Gunawan, W. (2021). Image-text relation interpretation: Teachers’ visual-verbal competence in teaching texts. Cakrawala Pendidikan: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 40(1), 208-217. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v40i1.33755
Fathalla, A. M., Chiang, C., Audehm, R., Gorelik, A., Chang, S., Yates, C.J., Snow, S., Barmanray, R., Price, S., Collins, L., Wark, J. D. 2025. Developing and evaluating an interactive, case-based, web-based active learning tool for primary care physicians (community fracture capture learning hub): Protocol for an Acceptability and Engagement Study. JMIR Res Protoc.;14:e57511. doi: 10.2196/57511. PMID: 39999431; PMCID: PMC11897679.
Fauzan, F., Eriyanti, R. W., & Asih, R.A. (2023). Misconception of reading literacy and its impacts on literacy acculturation in school. Cakrawala Pendidikan: Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, 42(1), 208-219. DOI: https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v42i1.53041
Fitri, A. S., Aeni, A. N., & Nugraha, R. G. (2023). Pengembangan komik digital untuk meningkatkan hasil belajar pada materi nilai-nilai Pancasila siswa kelas IV Sekolah Dasar. Al-Madrasah, 7(1), 220–235. https://doi.org/10.35931/am.v7i1.1756
Hendrastuti, Z. R., Siswanto, S., Muhlisin, A., Firmadani, F., Hartono, H., Subali, B., & Elianawati, E. (2021). Explicit scientific argument on science teaching as an inquiry: Designing activity on online schema using fuzzy Delphi method. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1918(5), 052071. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1918/5/052071
Hoppe, A., Yu, R., Liu, J., & Bhattacharya, N. (Eds.). (2025). IWILDS’25: The 5th international workshop on investigating learning during web search ACM. https://doi.org/10.1145/3701551.3705709
Januarty, R., & Nima, H. N. A. (2018). Energizing students’ reading comprehension through multimodal texts. International Journal of Language Education, 2(2), 14-22. https://doi.org/10.26858/ijole.v2i2.4347
Karatza, S. (2020). Multimodal literacy and language testing: Visual and intersemiotic literacy indicators of reading comprehension texts. Journal of Visual Literacy, 39(3–4), 220–255. https://doi.org/10.1080/1051144X.2020.1826222
Khalil, M. I. M, Shah, D. S. M., Mohd Salim, M. S. A., Mohd Salim, M. N. F., & Ahmad, S. N. (2025). Evaluating the effectiveness of Telegram chatbots in enhancing vocabulary acquisition among ESL and EFL learners. In The Fourth International Competition on Sustainable Education 2025 E-Proceeding (pp. 180–186). Universiti Teknologi MARA. https://ir.uitm.edu.my/id/eprint/125198
Knutsen, J. S., Bondevik, G. T., & Hunskaar, S. (2025). General practitioners’ attitudes and motivation to supervise medical students in clinical placements: A questionnaire study from Norway. Scandinavian Journal of Primary Health Care. https://doi.org/10.1080/02813432.2025.2471053
Kress, G. (2010). Multimodality: A social semiotic approach to contemporary communication. Routledge.
Küçükoğlu, H. (2013). Improving reading skills through effective reading strategies. Procedia – Social and Behavioral Sciences, 70, 709–714. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.01.119
Latifi, S. (Ed.). (2024). ITNG 2024: 21st International Conference on Information Technology-New Generations (Advances in Intelligent Systems and Computing, Vol. 1456). Springer Cham. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-031-56599-1
Mariam, S., Kepirianto, C., Fadlilah, S., & Izza, A. F. (2025). Enhancing students’ reading comprehension of recount text with multimodal digital literacy. Indonesian EFL Journal, 11(1), 41-52. https://doi.org/10.25134/ieflj.v11i1.11337
Nurhikmah, H., Oksatianti, B. R., & [other author(s) if any]. (2025). The development of MOOCs on students’ learning outcomes in science subjects. Inovasi Kurikulum, 22(1), 93–105. https://doi.org/10.17509/jik.v22i1.78584
Nurviyani, V., Suherdi, D., & Lukmana, I. (2020). Developing students’ reading skill through making multimodal inferences. English Review: Journal of English Education, 8(2), 175-182. https://doi.org/10.25134/erjee.v8i2.2998
Sadiah, T., & Hidayah, R. (2022). Pengembangan media pembelajaran kimia berbasis web: meningkatkan literasi siswa tentang larutan elektrolit-nonelektrolit. Chemistry Education Practice, 5(2), 186–192. https://doi.org/10.29303/cep.v5i2.3686
Saputra, Y., Dewi, N. S. N., & Muharam, M. Y. (2025). Santris’ attitudes towards English in an Indonesian Islamic boarding school. Journal of Applied Linguistics and Literacy (JALL), 9(1), 124–142. https://doi.org/10.25157/jall.v9i1.18047
Shahmohammadi, A., & Jadidi Mohammadabadi, A. (2025). Developing a distance education system: Challenges and opportunities. The Journal of New Thoughts on Education. Advance online publication. https://doi.org/10.22051/jontoe.2024.47882.3958
Siswanto, S., Hartono, H., Subali, B., & Masturi, M. (2022). Infusing explicit argumentation in science reading activities: Helping prospective science teachers reduce misconception and foster argumentation skills. Pegem Journal of Education and Instruction, 12(3), 177-189. https://doi.org/10.47750/pegegog.12.03.19
Subali, B., Siswanto, S., Hartono, H., & Masturi, M. (2023). Motivation of prospective science teacher while reading texts as a part of self-regulated learning: Study on critical-argumentation reading activities. Indonesian Journal of Science and Education, 7(1). https://doi.org/10.31002/ijose.v7i1.314
Suryandaru, N. A., & Setyaningtyas, E. W. (2021). Pengembangan media pembelajaran berbasis website pada muatan pembelajaran matematika kelas IV. Jurnal Basicedu, 5(6), 6040–6048. https://doi.org/10.31004/basicedu.v5i6.1803
Susanti, W. D., & Suripah, S. (2021). Efektivitaswebsitesebagai media pembelajaran matematika selama masa pembelajaran daring. Edumatica: Jurnal Pendidikan Matematika, 11(1), 73–83. https://doi.org/10.22437/edumatica.v11i01.12225
Tang, Y., Li, L., Dong, W., Xie, H., Qiu, Y., & Bai, R. (2025). Family physicians’ use of, barriers to, and attitudes toward remote diagnosis and treatment in China. A national web-based survey. Healthcare, 13(5), 481. https://doi.org/10.3390/healthcare13050481
Unsworth, L. (2014). Multimodal reading comprehension: curriculum expectations and large-scale literacy testing practices. Pedagogies: An International Journal, 9(1), 26–44. https://doi.org/10.1080/1554480X.2014.878968
Van Wart, M., Ni, A., Medina, P., Canelon, J., Kordrostami, M., Zhang, J., & Liu, Y. (2020). Integrating students’ perspectives about online learning: A hierarchy of factors. International Journal of Educational Technology in Higher Education, 17(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s41239-020-00229-8
Wita, W. ., Sanjaya, D. B., & Candiasa, I. M. (2025). Open source website literacy learning media to improve reading literacy of grade V students. Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan dan Pembelajaran, 9(2), 231–238. https://doi.org/10.23887/jipp.v9i2.92998
Yuniarti, D. A. F., Hikmahwan, B., Fu’adi, A., Putra, B. J. M., & Nugroho, B. Y. (2025). Training on the use of digital learning media (DGMATH and DGDL) for elementary and middle school teachers in Pacitan Regency. International Journal of Public Devotion, 8(1), 37–49. https://doi.org/10.26737/ijpd.v8i1.6353
Zygouris, N. C., Vlachos, F., Styliaras, S. K., Tziallas, G. D., & Avramidis, E. (2025). Validation of the Askisi-Lexia neuropsychological web-based screener: A neuropsychological battery for screening cognitive and phonological skills of children with dyslexia. Applied Neuropsychology: Child, 1–17. https://doi.org/10.1080/21622965.2025.2461192
Copyright (c) 2026 Sukarno Sukarno Sukarno, Sri Haryati Sri Haryati, Siswanto Siswanto Siswanto, Rolisda Yosintha Rolisda, Candradewi Wahyu Anggraeni Candra

This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan, Jurnal Ilmiah Pendidikan, with ISSN: 0216-1370, is published by the Institute of Education Development and Quality Assurance (LPPMP UNY). Cakrawala Pendidikan has been recently has been re-accredited by Indonesian Ministry of Education and Culture decision Number 230/E/KPT/2022 which is valid for five years since enacted on 30 December 2022.




