Science Communication Models in Research Downstreaming at Indonesian Universities

This study investigates how science communication models are implemented across different stages of research downstreaming at Universitas Indonesia (UI), Universitas Gadjah Mada (UGM), and Institut Teknologi Bandung (ITB), using the Technology Readiness Level (TRL) framework as regulated by Permenristekdikti No. 42/2016. The research employs a qualitative-descriptive, multi-case study method to explore institutional communication practices aligned with the TRL stages. Findings reveal that during basic research (TRL 1–3), all three universities predominantly apply the deficit model, marked by unidirectional dissemination through academic publications. As research advances to applied and developmental stages (TRL 4–9), communication evolves toward multimodal, participatory models. These include the contextual model—adapting messages to stakeholder needs—and the lay expertise and public engagement models, which promote dialogue, co-creation, and feedback integration. This evolution reflects a shift from isolated academic outputs to inclusive, impact-oriented innovation ecosystems. Cross-institutional analysis highlights the importance of flexible communication strategies tailored to research maturity and societal context. The study underscores TRL’s utility in mapping communication approaches and offers a foundation for developing adaptive science communication frameworks within higher education.

Keywords: Science Communication, Research Downstreaming, TRL Framework, Higher Education, Innovation Dissemination