Analisis biomotor kecepatan reaksi pada pemain bola voli kelas khusus olahraga Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

Fauzi Fauzi; Riky Dwihandaka; Okky Indera Pamungkas; Muhamad Nanang Silokhin

doi:10.21831/jk.v9i2.41704

Analisis biomotor kecepatan reaksi pada pemain bola voli kelas khusus olahraga Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta

Fauzi Fauzi, Fakultas Ilmu Keolahragaan, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Riky Dwihandaka, Fakultas Ilmu Keolahragaan, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Okky Indera Pamungkas, Fakultas Ilmu Keolahragaan, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Muhamad Nanang Silokhin, Fakultas Ilmu Keolahragaan, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia

10.21831/jk.v9i2.41704

Abstract

Empat puluh tiga pemain yang berlatih di Sekolah Menengah Atas Kelas Khusus Olahraga Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta berpartisipasi dalam penelitian ini. Pengambilan data telah disetujui oleh pelatih dari sekolah tersebut. Para pemain dalam kondisi sehat saat melakukan tes. Sebelum melakukan tes, pemain mendapatkan penjelasan tentang penelitian ini. Instrumen yang dipergunakan dalam pengambilan data untuk mengetahui kecepatan reaksi seseorang diukur dengan menggunakan tes whole body reaction. Setelah data diperoleh kemudian dianalisis dengan membandingkan data dengan norma instrument tes whole body reaction. Kemudian setelah itu dicari prosentase kategori kecepatan reaksi yang dimiliki oleh pemain Kelas Khusus Olahraga Bola Voli di D.I. Yogyakarta. Dari hasil pengukuran yang dilakukan ditemukan bahwa terdapat 30% dari pemain bola voli di Kelas Khusus Olahraga Yogyakarta memiliki kecepatan reaksi yang masuk dalam kategori bagus sekali, 63% termasuk dalam kategori bagus, dan 7% dalam kategori cukup. Hasil ini tentu tidak akan terlepas dari banyak faktor yang mempengaruhi kecepatan reaksi yang dimiliki oleh seseorang.

Biomotor Analysis of Reaction Speed in Players of Special Class volleyball in Yogyakarta Special Region

Abstract

Forty-three players who trained at the Yogyakarta Special Sports Class High School participated in the study. The data retrieval has been approved by the school's trainer. The players are in good health when conducting tests. Before conducting the test, the player gets an explanation about this study. The instrument used in data retrieval to determine the speed of a person's reaction is measured using the Whole Body Reaction test. After the data is obtained then analyzed by comparing the data with the instrument norms of whole body reaction test. Then after that sought percentage of reaction speed category owned by players special class volleyball sports in D.I. Yogyakarta. From the results of the measurements, it was found that 30% of volleyball players in Yogyakarta Sports Special Class had reaction speed that falls into the category of very good, 63% belongs to the good category, and 7% in the category of enough. These results will certainly not be separated from many factors that affect the speed of reaction that a person has.

Keywords

Biomotor; kecepatan reaksi; bolavoli; KKO; Biomotor; speed reaction; volleyball; special sports class

Full Text:

FULLTEXT PDF

References

Abreu, A. M., Macaluso, E., Azevedo, R. T., Cesari, P., Urgesi, C., & Aglioti, S. M. (2012). Action anticipation beyond the action observation network: A functional magnetic resonance imaging study in expert basketball players. European Journal of Neuroscience, 35(10). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1460-9568.2012.08104.x

Agostino, R., Currà, A., Soldati, G., Dinapoli, L., Chiacchiari, L., Modugno, N., Pierelli, F., & Berardelli, A. (2004). Prolonged practice is of scarce benefit in improving motor performance in Parkinson’s disease. Movement Disorders, 19(11). https://doi.org/10.1002/mds.20247

Akarsu, S., Çalişkan, E., & Dane, Ş. (2009). Athletes have faster eye-hand visual reaction times and higher scores on visuospatial intelligence than nonathletes. Turkish Journal of Medical Sciences, 39(6). https://doi.org/10.3906/sag-0809-44

Akpinar, S., Devrilmez, E., & Kirazci, S. (2012). Coincidence-anticipation timing requirements are different in racket sports. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 115(2). https://doi.org/10.2466/30.25.27.PMS.115.5.581-593

Atmaja, N. M. K., & Tomoliyus, T. (2015). PENGARUH METODE LATIHAN DRILL DAN WAKTU REAKSI TERHADAP KETEPATAN DRIVE DALAM PERMAINAN TENIS MEJA. Jurnal Keolahragaan, 3(1). https://doi.org/10.21831/jk.v3i1.4969

Bamne, S. N., Fadia, A. D., & Jadhav, A. V. (2011). Effect of colour and gender on human reaction time. In Indian Journal of Physiology and Pharmacology (Vol. 55, Issue 4).

Botwinick, J., & Thompson, L. W. (1966). Premotor and motor components of reaction time. Journal of Experimental Psychology, 71(1). https://doi.org/10.1037/h0022634

Connor, J. D., Crowther, R. G., & Sinclair, W. H. (2018). Effect of different evasion maneuvers on anticipation and visual behavior in elite rugby league players. Motor Control, 22(1). https://doi.org/10.1123/mc.2016-0034

Emre, A. K., & Koçak, S. (2010). Coincidence-anticipation timing and reaction time in youth tennis and table tennis players. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 110(3). https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.110.3.879-887

Fananlampir, A. (2015). Tes dan Pengukuran dalam Olahraga. Andi Ofset.

Fischer, K. W., & Bidell, T. R. (1998). Dynamic development of psychological structures in action and thought. In Handbook of child psychology: Volume 1. Theoretical models of human development.

Fujii, K., Shinya, M., Yamashita, D., Kouzaki, M., & Oda, S. (2014). Anticipation by basketball defenders: An explanation based on the three-dimensional inverted pendulum model. European Journal of Sport Science, 14(6). https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2013.876104

Gandhi, P. H., Gokhale, P. A., Mehta, H. B., & Shah, C. J. (2013). A comparative study of simple auditory reaction time in blind (congenitally) and sighted subjects. Indian Journal of Psychological Medicine, 35(3). https://doi.org/10.4103/0253-7176.119486

Gardner, H., & Hatch, T. (1989). Educational Implications of the Theory of Multiple Intelligences. Educational Researcher, 18(8). https://doi.org/10.3102/0013189X018008004

Gavkare, A. M. (2013). Auditory Reaction Time, Visual Reaction Time and Whole Body Reaction Time in Athletes. Medind.Nic.In, June.

Guadagnoll, M. A., & Lee, T. D. (2004). Challenge Point: A Framework for Conceptualizing the Effects of Various Practice Conditions in Motor Learning. In Journal of Motor Behavior (Vol. 36, Issue 2). https://doi.org/10.3200/JMBR.36.2.212-224

Gülaç, M., Devrilmez, E., Kirazcı, S., & Yüksel, O. (2017). Investigation of the Anticipation Time in Forehand and Backhand Strokes of Badminton Players. Journal of Education and Training Studies, 5(13). https://doi.org/10.11114/jets.v5i13.2876

Gutierrez-Davila, M., Rojas, F. J., Ortega, M., Campos, J., & Parraga, J. (2011). Anticipatory strategies of team-handball goalkeepers. Journal of Sports Sciences, 29(12). https://doi.org/10.1080/02640414.2011.591421

Hülsdünker, T., Strüder, H. K., & Mierau, A. (2018). The athletes’ visuomotor system–Cortical processes contributing to faster visuomotor reactions. In European Journal of Sport Science (Vol. 18, Issue 7). https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2018.1468484

Kamijo, K., Pontifex, M. B., Khan, N. A., Raine, L. B., Scudder, M. R., Drollette, E. S., Evans, E. M., Castelli, D. M., & Hillman, C. H. (2014). The negative association of childhood obesity to cognitive control of action monitoring. Cerebral Cortex, 24(3). https://doi.org/10.1093/cercor/bhs349

Kim, J. H., Lee, K. K., Kong, S. J., An, K. O., Jeong, J. H., & Lee, Y. S. (2014). Effect of anticipation on lower extremity biomechanics during side-and cross-cutting maneuvers in young soccer players. American Journal of Sports Medicine, 42(8). https://doi.org/10.1177/0363546514531578

Kioumourtzoglou, E., Kourtessis, T., Michalopoulou, M., & Derri, V. (1998). Differences in several perceptual abilities between experts and novices in basketball, volleyball and water-polo. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 86(3 PART 1). https://doi.org/10.2466/pms.1998.86.3.899

Loffing, F., & Hagemann, N. (2014). Skill differences in visual anticipation of type of throw in team-handball penalties. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 15(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.psychsport.2014.01.006

Lotério Barcelos, J., Pontes Morales, A., Nascimento Maciel, R., dos Anjos Azevedo, M. M., & Furtado da Silva, V. (2009). Time of practice: a comparative study of the motor reaction time among volleyball players. Fitness & Performance Journal, 8(2). https://doi.org/10.3900/fpj.8.2.103.e

Luce, R. D. (2008). Response Times: Their Role in Inferring Elementary Mental Organization. In Response Times: Their Role in Inferring Elementary Mental Organization. https://doi.org/10.1093/acprof:oso/9780195070019.001.0001

Maciel, R. N., Morales, A., Barcelos, J., Nunes, W., Azevedo, M. M., & Furtado, V. (2009). Relation between reaction time and specific function in volleyball players. Fitness & Performance Journal, 8(6). https://doi.org/10.3900/fpj.8.6.395.e

Millán-Sánchez, A., Rábago, J. C. M., & Espa, A. U. (2019). The middle blocker in volleyball: A systematic review. Journal of Human Sport and Exercise, 14(1). https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2019.141.03

Moradi, A., & Esmaeilzadeh, S. (2015). Association between reaction time, speed and agility in schoolboys. Sport Sciences for Health, 11(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-015-0230-4

Mori, S., Ohtani, Y., & Imanaka, K. (2002). Reaction times and anticipatory skills of karate athletes. Human Movement Science, 21(2). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0167-9457(02)00103-3

Nakamoto, H., & Mori, S. (2012). Experts in fast-ball sports reduce anticipation timing cost by developing inhibitory control. Brain and Cognition, 80(1). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandc.2012.04.004

Nasriani, A., & Mardela, R. (2019). Kecepatan Reaksi Dan Koordinasi Mata-Tangan Berhubungan Dengan Kemampuan Smash Bolavoli. Jurnal Patriot, Universitas Negeri Padang2, 1(3).

Nurhasan. (2007). tes dan pengukuran pendidikan olahraga. In Time (Vol. 6, Issue 3). FPOK UPI.

Nuri, L., Shadmehr, A., Ghotbi, N., & Attarbashi Moghadam, B. (2013). Reaction time and anticipatory skill of athletes in open and closed skill-dominated sport. European Journal of Sport Science, 13(5). https://doi.org/10.1080/17461391.2012.738712

Piras, A., Lobietti, R., & Squatrito, S. (2014). Response time, visual search strategy, and anticipatory skills in volleyball players. Journal of Ophthalmology, 2014. https://doi.org/10.1155/2014/189268

Proctor, R. W., & Dutta, A. (1995). Skill acquisition and human performance. In Skill acquisition and human performance.

Rao, S. L., Gangadhar, B. N., Keshavan, M. S., Hegde, A. S., & Nardev, G. (1985). Reaction time deficits in post traumatic syndrome. Indian Journal of Psychiatry, 27(1).

Rojas-Valverde, D. (2021). Potential Role of Cannabidiol on Sports Recovery: A Narrative Review. In Frontiers in Physiology (Vol. 12). https://doi.org/10.3389/fphys.2021.722550

Saygin, O., Goral, K., & Ceylan, H. I. (2016). An Examination of the Coincidence Anticipation Performance of Soccer Players according to their Playing Positions and Different Stimulus Speeds. Sport Journal, August 2016.

Schorer, J., Rienhoff, R., Fischer, L., & Baker, J. (2013). Foveal and peripheral fields of vision influences perceptual skill in anticipating opponents’ attacking position in volleyball. Applied Psychophysiology Biofeedback, 38(3). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10484-013-9224-7

Smith, A. P., Brice, C., Leach, A., Tiley, M., & Williamson, S. (2004). Effects of upper respiratory tract illnesses in a working population. Ergonomics, 47(4). https://doi.org/10.1080/0014013032000157887

Solanki, J., Joshi, N., Shah, C., HB, M., & PA, G. (2012). A Study of Correlation between Auditory and Visual Reaction Time in Healthy Adults. International Journal of Medicine and Public Health, 2(2). https://doi.org/10.5530/ijmedph.2.2.8

Spencer, S. V., Hawk, L. W., Richards, J. B., Shiels, K., Pelham, W. E., & Waxmonsky, J. G. (2009). Stimulant treatment reduces lapses in attention among children with ADHD: The effects of methylphenidate on intra-individual response time distributions. Journal of Abnormal Child Psychology, 37(6). https://doi.org/10.1007/s10802-009-9316-2

Suharsimi, A. (2013). Dasar-Dasar Evaluasi Pendidikan. In Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.

Takeyama, T., Hirose, N., & Mori, S. (2011). Temporal change in response bias observed in expert anticipation of volleyball spikes. Proceedings of Fechner Day, 19–24.

Tan, Ü. (2007). The psychomotor theory of human mind. In International Journal of Neuroscience (Vol. 117, Issue 8). https://doi.org/10.1080/00207450600934556

Tomporowski, P. D. (2003). Effects of acute bouts of exercise on cognition. Acta Psychologica, 112(3). https://doi.org/10.1016/S0001-6918(02)00134-8

Zhannisa, U. H., & Sugiyanto, F. (2015). MODEL TES FISIK PENCARIAN BAKAT OLAHRAGA BULUTANGKIS USIA DI BAWAH 11 TAHUN DI DIY. Jurnal Keolahragaan. https://doi.org/10.21831/jk.v3i1.4974

Zhou, Y. (2018). Visual search, prediction ability and brain neural mechanisms of different of female volleyball players. NeuroQuantology, 16(6). https://doi.org/10.14704/nq.2018.16.6.1682

Zwierko, T., Osiński, W., Lubiński, W., Czepita, D., & Florkiewicz, B. (2010). Speed of visual sensorimotor processes and conductivity of visual pathway in volleyball players. Journal of Human Kinetics, 23(1). https://doi.org/10.2478/v10078-010-0003-8

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21831/jk.v9i2.41704