How Cultural Intelligence Develop Students’ Social Entrepreneurship in Indonesia?

Rudi Yacub; Herlina Herlina; Irfan Sophan Himawan

doi:10.21831/economia.v18i2.44488

How Cultural Intelligence Develop Students’ Social Entrepreneurship in Indonesia?

Rudi Yacub, Universitas Putra Indonesia, Indonesia
Herlina Herlina, Universitas Mandiri, West Java, Indonesia, Indonesia
Irfan Sophan Himawan, Politeknik Tri Mitra Karya Mandiri, Indonesia

10.21831/economia.v18i2.44488

Abstract

Abstract

This study aims to identify the ability of cultural intelligence, intellectual capital, and risk perception of students in the formation and development of social entrepreneurship. Students are expected to be able to help solve social problems following the goals of social entrepreneurship. This study uses a deductive approach and quantitative data processing using the Structural Equation Model (SEM). The sample consists of 612 respondents who are students from 11 universities in Indonesia who have taken entrepreneurship courses. The results show that cultural intelligence and intellectual capital had a positive effect on social entrepreneurship, while risk perception did not have a positive effect. This is because students prioritize the formation and development of social entrepreneurship rather than think about the shareable risks. Furthermore, this research contributes to universities and the government in developing social entrepreneurship in the community.

Keywords: Cultural Intelligence, Intellectual Capital, Risk Perception, Social Entrepreneurship

Bagaimana Kecerdasan Budaya Mengembangkan Kewirausahaan Sosial Mahasiswa di Indonesia?

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengidentifikasi kemampuan kecerdasan budaya, modal intelektual, dan persepsi risiko mahasiswa dalam pembentukan dan pengembangan kewirausahaan sosial. Mahasiswa diharapkan dapat membantu memecahkan masalah sosial sesuai dengan tujuan kewirausahaan sosial. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan deduktif dan pengolahan data kuantitatif menggunakan Structural Equation Model (SEM). Sampel terdiri dari 612 responden yang merupakan mahasiswa dari 11 perguruan tinggi di Indonesia yang telah mengambil mata kuliah kewirausahaan. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa kecerdasan budaya dan modal intelektual berpengaruh positif terhadap kewirausahaan sosial, sedangkan persepsi risiko tidak berpengaruh positif. Hal ini dikarenakan mahasiswa lebih mengutamakan pembentukan dan pengembangan social entrepreneurship daripada memikirkan resiko yang dapat ditanggung bersama. Lebih lanjut, penelitian ini memberikan kontribusi bagi perguruan tinggi dan pemerintah dalam mengembangkan kewirausahaan sosial di masyarakat.

Kata kunci: Kecerdasan Budaya, Modal Intelektual, Persepsi Risiko, Kewirausahaan Sosial

Keywords

Cultural Intelligence, Intellectual Capital, Risk Perception, Social Entrepreneurship

Full Text:

PDF

References

Abd, N., Mohamed, Z. B., & Amrin, A. (2015). Commercialization of Emerging Technology : The Role of Academic Entrepreneur. Procedia - Social and Behavioral Sciences, 169(August 2014), 53–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.sbspro.2015.01.285

Ahmed, S. S., Guozhu, J., Mubarik, S., Khan, M., & Khan, E. (2020). Intellectual capital and business performance: the role of dimensions of absorptive capacity. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 21(1), 23–39. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-11-2018-0199

Alfraih, M. M. (2018). Intellectual capital reporting and its relation to market and financial performance. International Journal of Ethics and Systems, 34(3), 266–281. https://doi.org/10.1108/IJOES-02-2017-0034

Alvino, F., di Vaio, A., Hassan, R., & Palladino, R. (2021). Intellectual capital and sustainable development: a systematic literature review. In Journal of Intellectual Capital (Vol. 22, Issue 1, pp. 76–94). Emerald Group Holdings Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-11-2019-0259

Amanatidou, E., Gagliardi, D., & Cox, D. (n.d.). Social engagement: Towards a typology of social innovation MIOIR / MBS Working Paper Series-Working Paper 82 New technologies and digitisation: opportunities and challenges for the social economy and social entrepreneurship View project Adoption of Alternative Fuel Vehicle Fleets-A Comprehensive Framework on Barriers and Enablers View project. https://doi.org/10.13140/RG.2.2.28787.84002

Andersen, S., Hanspal, T., & Nielsen, K. M. (2019). Once bitten, twice shy: The power of personal experiences in risk taking. Journal of Financial Economics, 132(3), 97–117. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jfineco.2018.10.018

Arome, S., & Anyio, S. F. (2016). The rising rate of unemployment in Nigeria : the socio-economic and political implications. Global Business and Economics Research Journal ISSN: 2302-4593 Vol. 3 (1): 68 - x, January.

Bayraktaroglu, A. E., Calisir, F., & Baskak, M. (2019a). Intellectual capital and firm performance: an extended VAIC model. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 20(3), 406–425. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-12-2017-0184

Bayraktaroglu, A. E., Calisir, F., & Baskak, M. (2019b). Intellectual capital and firm performance: an extended VAIC model. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 20(3), 406–425. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-12-2017-0184

Bazan, C., Gaultois, H., Shaikh, A., Gillespie, K., Frederick, S., Amjad, A., Yap, S., Finn, C., Rayner, J., & Belal, N. (2020). A systematic literature review of the influence of the university’s environment and support system on the precursors of social entrepreneurial intention of students. In Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship (Vol. 9, Issue 1). Springer. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-020-0116-9

Bellucci, M., Marzi, G., Orlando, B., & Ciampi, F. (2021). Journal of Intellectual Capital: a review of emerging themes and future trends. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 22(4), 744–767. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-10-2019-0239

Bhatia, M. (2016). Determinants of Intellectual Capital Disclosure: Evidence from Indian Banking Sector Voluntary Disclosure of Financial Ratios in India View project Intellectual Capital Disclosures in IPO Prospectuses of Indian Companies View project. https://www.researchgate.net/publication/323167946

Blanco, I., & León, M. (2017). Social innovation, reciprocity and contentious politics: Facing the socio-urban crisis in Ciutat Meridiana, Barcelona. Urban Studies, 54(9), 2172–2188. https://doi.org/10.1177/0042098016659044

Block, J., Fisch, C., Vismara, S., & Andres, R. (2019). Private equity investment criteria: An experimental conjoint analysis of venture capital, business angels, and family offices. Journal of Corporate Finance, 58, 329–352. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jcorpfin.2019.05.009

Bogilović, S., Černe, M., & Škerlavaj, M. (2017). Hiding behind a mask? Cultural intelligence, knowledge hiding, and individual and team creativity. European Journal of Work and Organizational Psychology, 26(5), 710–723. https://doi.org/10.1080/1359432X.2017.1337747

Breivik, G., Sand, T. S., & Sookermany, A. M. D. (2020). Risk-taking attitudes and behaviors in the Norwegian population: the influence of personality and background factors. Journal of Risk Research. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2020.1750455

Cheung, M. W. L. (2013). Multivariate Meta-Analysis as Structural Equation Models. Structural Equation Modeling, 20(3), 429–454. https://doi.org/10.1080/10705511.2013.797827

Cohen, H., Kaspi-Baruch, O., & Katz, H. (2019). The social entrepreneur puzzle: the background, personality and motivation of Israeli social entrepreneurs. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 10(2), 211–231. https://doi.org/10.1080/19420676.2018.1541010

Crupi, A., Cesaroni, F., & di Minin, A. (2020). Understanding the impact of intellectual capital on entrepreneurship: a literature review. In Journal of Intellectual Capital (Vol. 22, Issue 3, pp. 528–559). Emerald Group Holdings Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-02-2020-0054

Edwards-Schachter, M., & Wallace, M. L. (2017). ‘Shaken, but not stirred’: Sixty years of defining social innovation. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 119, 64–79. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2017.03.012

Ferreira, A., & Franco, M. (2017). The Mediating Effect of Intellectual Capital in The Relationship Between Strategic Alliances and Organizational Performance in Portuguese Technology-Based SMEs. European Management Review, 14(3), 303–318. https://doi.org/10.1111/emre.12107

Garcia-Perez, A., Ghio, A., Occhipinti, Z., & Verona, R. (2020). Knowledge management and intellectual capital in knowledge-based organisations: a review and theoretical perspectives. In Journal of Knowledge Management (Vol. 24, Issue 7, pp. 1719–1754). Emerald Group Holdings Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1108/JKM-12-2019-0703

Henderson, S., Hyde, G., Grover, S., & Furnham, A. (2021). Risk-Taking in Professional Groups. Psychology, 12(07), 1127–1140. https://doi.org/10.4236/psych.2021.127069

Herlina, H., Disman, D., Sapriya, S., & Supriatna, N. (2021a). The Perceptions of Building Students’ Social Entrepreneurship in a Higher Education Context. Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, volume 174. Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Entrepreneurship and Business Management (ICEBM 2020). https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.210507.069

Herlina, H., Disman, D., Sapriya, S., & Supriatna, N. (2021b). Factors that influence the formation of Indonesian SMEs’ social entrepreneurship: a case study of West Java. Entrepreneurship and Sustainability Issues, 9(2), 65–80. https://doi.org/10.9770/jesi.2021.9.2(4)

Himawan, I., Andriani, A., & Herlina, H. (2022, February 9). Exploring Socio-Cultural Factors that Affect the Potential to Start a Business: In Case Indonesia University Students. European Union Digital Library. https://doi.org/10.4108/eai.30-10-2021.2315786

Hockerts, K. (2017). Determinants of Social Entrepreneurial Intentions. Entrepreneurship: Theory and Practice, 41(1), 105–130. https://doi.org/10.1111/etap.12171

Holzmeister, F., Huber, J., Kirchler, M., Lindner, F., Weitzel, U., & Zeisberger, S. (2021a). What Drives Risk Perception? A Global Survey with Financial Professionals and Lay People.

Holzmeister, F., Huber, J., Kirchler, M., Lindner, F., Weitzel, U., & Zeisberger, S. (2021b). What Drives Risk Perception? A Global Survey with Financial Professionals and Lay People.

Howaldt, J., Kopp, R., & Schwarz, M. (2015). Social Innovations as Drivers of Social Change-Exploring Tarde’s Contribution to Social Innovation Theory Building.

Jilinskaya-Pandey, M., & Wade, J. (2019a). Social Entrepreneur Quotient: An International Perspective on Social Entrepreneur Personalities. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 10(3), 265–287. https://doi.org/10.1080/19420676.2018.1541013

Jilinskaya-Pandey, M., & Wade, J. (2019b). Social Entrepreneur Quotient: An International Perspective on Social Entrepreneur Personalities. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 10(3), 265–287. https://doi.org/10.1080/19420676.2018.1541013

Kamukama, N., & Sulait, T. (2017). Intellectual capital and competitive advantage in Uganda’s microfinance industry. African Journal of Economic and Management Studies, 8(4), 498–514. https://doi.org/10.1108/AJEMS-02-2017-0021

Khan, A. M., Arafat, M. Y., Raushan, M. A., Saleem, I., Khan, N. A., & Khan, M. M. (2019). Does intellectual capital affect the venture creation decision in India? Journal of Innovation and Entrepreneurship, 8(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1186/s13731-019-0106-y

Lee, E. K. M., Lee, H., Kee, C. H., Kwan, C. H., & Ng, C. H. (2019). Social Impact Measurement in Incremental Social Innovation. Journal of Social Entrepreneurship, 0(0), 1–18. https://doi.org/10.1080/19420676.2019.1668830

Lin, C. Y. Y., & Edvinsson, L. (2020). Reflections on JIC’s twenty-year history and suggestions for future IC research. Journal of Intellectual Capital, 22(3), 439–457. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-03-2020-0082

Lippai-Makra, E., Rádóczi, Z., & Kovács, Z. I. (2019). Intellectual capital disclosure of Hungarian and Czech Listed firms. European Financial and Accounting Journal, 14(3), 43–59. https://doi.org/10.18267/j.efaj.229

Mair, J., & Martı, I. (2006). Social entrepreneurship research : A source of explanation , prediction , and delight. 41, 36–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jwb.2005.09.002

Maji, S. G., & Goswami, M. (2018). IC disclosure practices in India using a comprehensive disclosure framework: A study of knowledge-based companies. Journal of Indian Business Research, 10(4), 345–363. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIBR-01-2017-0011

Martín-de Castro, G., Díez-Vial, I., & Delgado-Verde, M. (2019). Intellectual capital and the firm: evolution and research trends. In Journal of Intellectual Capital (Vol. 20, Issue 4, pp. 555–580). Emerald Group Holdings Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-12-2018-0221

Ogaji, S. M., & Isichei. (2019). Empirical Analysis of Intellectual Capital and Firm’s Performance: Evidence from Nigeria. In International Journal of Business and Technopreneurship (Vol. 9, Issue 3).

Ousama, A. A., Hammami, H., & Abdulkarim, M. (2020). The association between intellectual capital and financial performance in the Islamic banking industry: An analysis of the GCC banks. International Journal of Islamic and Middle Eastern Finance and Management, 13(1), 75–93. https://doi.org/10.1108/IMEFM-05-2016-0073

Palazzi, F., Sgrò, F., Ciambotti, M., & Bontis, N. (2020). Technological intensity as a moderating variable for the intellectual capital–performance relationship. Knowledge and Process Management, 27(1), 3–14. https://doi.org/10.1002/kpm.1617

Pan, S. L., Sandeep, M. S., Du, W., & Li, W. (2018). Digital Entrepreneurship Ecosystem as a New Form of Organizing: A Case of Zhongguancun. Digital Enablement, 1–25. https://doi.org/10.1142/9789813209138_0001

Pedro, E., Leitão, J., & Alves, H. (2018). Intellectual capital and performance: Taxonomy of components and multi-dimensional analysis axes. In Journal of Intellectual Capital (Vol. 19, Issue 2, pp. 407–452). Emerald Group Publishing Ltd. https://doi.org/10.1108/JIC-11-2016-0118

Phookan, H., & Sharma, R. R. (2021). Subsidiary power, cultural intelligence and interpersonal knowledge transfer between subsidiaries within the multinational enterprise. Journal of International Management, 27(4). https://doi.org/10.1016/j.intman.2021.100859

Purwani, D. A. (2019). DIAH AJENG PURWANI2019_Unsur pemberdayaan young SE. Thesis of Disertasion, 1–227. https://digilib.uin-suka.ac.id/id/eprint/48101/

Rosmadi, M. L. N., Herlina, H., K, E. W., & Tachyan, Z. (2019). The Role of Indonesian Human Resources in Developing MSMEs Facing the Industrial Revolution 4.0. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal) : Humanities and Social Sciences, 2(1). https://doi.org/10.33258/birci.v2i1.165

Rüth, R., & Netzer, T. (2020). The key elements of cultural intelligence as a driver for digital leadership success. Leadership, Education, Personality: An Interdisciplinary Journal, 2(1), 3–8. https://doi.org/10.1365/s42681-019-00005-x

Sá, E. S., & Pinho, J. C. M. R. de. (2019). Effect of entrepreneurial framework conditions on R&D transfer to new and growing firms: The case of European Union innovation-driven countries. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 141, 47–58. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2019.01.017

Santis, S., Bianchi, M., Incollingo, A., & Bisogno, M. (2019). Disclosure of intellectual capital components in integrated reporting: An empirical analysis. Sustainability (Switzerland), 11(1). https://doi.org/10.3390/su11010062

Seng, D., Kumarasinghe, S., & Pandey, R. (2018). Intellectual capital disclosure in private sector listed companies in India. Knowledge and Process Management, 25(1), 41–53. https://doi.org/10.1002/kpm.1560

Sternberg, R. J. (1984). Toward a triarchic theory of human intelligence. Behavioral and Brain Sciences, 7(2), 269–287. https://doi.org/10.1017/S0140525X00044629

Varma, A. (2019). Do Culturally Intelligent Management Accountants Share More Knowledge?—The Mediating Role of Coopetition as Evident from PLS SEM and fsQCA. Theoretical Economics Letters, 09(01), 100–118. https://doi.org/10.4236/tel.2019.91009

Wakkee, I., van der Sijde, P., Vaupell, C., & Ghuman, K. (2019). The university’s role in sustainable development: Activating entrepreneurial scholars as agents of change. Technological Forecasting and Social Change, 141(October), 195–205. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.techfore.2018.10.013

Yacub, R., Herlina, H., & Himawan, I. S. (2021). The Effects of Sustainability Orientation, Sustainability Education, and Risk Perception Towards Green Entrepreneurship Among Young Generations. Advances in Economics, Business and Management Research, volume 174. Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Entrepreneurship and Business Management (ICEBM 2020). https://doi.org/10.2991/aebmr.k.210507.069

Zinn, J. O. (2016). ‘In-between’ and other reasonable ways to deal with risk and uncertainty: A review article. Health, Risk and Society, 18(7–8), 348–366. https://doi.org/10.1080/13698575.2016.1269879

Zinn, J. O. (2019). The meaning of risk-taking–key concepts and dimensions. Journal of Risk Research, 22(1), 1–15. https://doi.org/10.1080/13669877.2017.1351465

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21831/economia.v18i2.44488