MULTICULTURAL EDUCATION IN SALAF PESANTREN AND PREVENTION OF RELIGIOUS RADICALISM IN INDONESIA

Marzuki Marzuki, Departement of Civic Education, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Miftahuddin Miftahuddin, Departement of Historical Science, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Mukhamad Murdiono, Departement of Civic Education, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia

 10.21831/cp.v39i1.22900

Abstract


Islamic boarding school (pesantren) is the oldest Islamic educational institution in Indonesia. Pesantren is recognized as one of the institutions that can encourage the realization of multiculturalism amongst Muslims. However, recently pesantren has been alleged to be one of the centers for the spread of religious radicalism. This study is aimed at analyzing multicultural education in salaf (traditional) pesantren, that is appropriate and be able to prevent the growth and development of religious radicalism in Indonesia. The study is a qualitative research with a phenomenological approach involving four salaf pesantrens in Java; namely Al-Qadir Pesantren of Sleman Yogyakarta, Dar al-Tauhid of Cirebon, Roudlatuth Thalibin of Rembang, and Tebuireng of Jombang. The research data were collected by observation, interviews, documentation, and focus-group discussions (FGD). Data were analyzed using an interactive technique. Findings showed that the forms of multicultural education at the four salaf pesantrens generally have similarities in the application of multiculturalism core values. However, each pesantren has its own specific peculiarities. The various cultures built up by the four caregivers of the salaf pesantrens have been effective to prevent the growth and development of religious radicalism at the  pesantren, particularly, and in the society, more generally.

Keywords


religious radicalism; salaf pesantren; multicultural education

Full Text:

PDF

References


Anshori, A. G. (2018). Hukum perjanjian Islam di Indonesia: Konsep, regulasi, dan implementasi. [Islamic treaty law in Indonesia: concept, regulation and implementation]. Yogyakarta: Gadjah Mada Press.

Arifin, S. (2016). Islamic religious education and radicalism in Indonesia: Strategy of de-radicalization through strengthening the living values education. Indonesian Journal of Islam and Muslim Societies, 6(1), 93-126. doi:10.18326/ijims.v6i1.93-126.

Armenia, R. (2016, February 4). 19 Pesantren terindikasi ajarkan radikalisme. [Pesantren are indicated to teach radicalism]. CNN Indonesia. https://www.cnnindonesia.com/nasional/20160203201841-20-108711/bnpt-19-pesantren-terindikasi-ajarkan-radikalisme.

Bahruddin, E., Rosyadi, A. R., & Edy, E. (2018). Persepsi siswa madrasah tsanawiyah terhadap pendidikan multikultural keagamaan dalam penanggulangan radikalisme secara dini. [Madrasah tsanawiyah students' perceptions of religious multicultural education in tackling radicalism early]. Edukasi Islami: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 7(2), 179-194. doi: 10.30868/ei.v7i2.271.

Basri, H. H. (2014). Keragaman orientasi pendidikan di pesantren. [Diversity of educational orientation in pesantren]. Dialog: Jurnal Penelitian dan Kajian Keagamaan, 37(2), 209-220. http://jurnaldialog.abuporsolutions.com/index.php/dialog/article/view/67/44.

Bisri, M. (2010). Koridor renungan A. Mustofa Bisri. [Reflection corridor A. Mustofa Bisri]. Jakarta: Kompas.

Bisri, M. (2007, Juli-September). Pesantren dan pendidikan. [Pesantren and education]. Tebuireng, Edisi 1/Tahun I.

Broto, A. L. (2010, January 10). Pluralisme dan multikultural. [Pluralism and multiculturalism]. Kompasiana. https://www.kompasiana.com/anjrah_lelono_broto/54ff50ada33311ad4c50fbaa/pluralisme-dan-multikultural.

Darmadji, A. (2011). Pondok pesantren dan deradikalisasi Islam di Indonesia. [Pesantren and Islamic de-radicalization in Indonesia]. Millah: Jurnal Studi Agama, 11(1), 235-252. doi:10.20885/millah.vol11.iss1.art12.

Dhofier, Z. (1994). Tradisi pesantren: Studi tentang pandangan hidup kyai. [The tradition of pesantren: The study of the clerics' outlook on life]. Jakarta, Indonesia: LP3ES.

Ghosh, R., & Galczynski, M. (2014). Redefining multicultural education: Inclusion and the right to be different. Toronto: Canadian Scholars’ Press.

Jamhari, J. (2003). Mapping radical Islam in Indonesia. Studia Islamika, 10(3), 1-28. doi:10.15408/sdi.v10i3.622.

Junaidi, K. (2017). Sistem pendidikan pondok pesantren di Indonesia: Suatu kajian sistem kurikulum di Pondok Pesantren Lirboyo. [Pesantren education system in Indonesia: A study of the curriculum system at Lirboyo Islamic Boarding School]. ISTAWA, 2(1), 95-100. doi:10.24269/ijpi.v2i1.364.

Kersten, C. (2011). Cosmopolitan muslim intellectuals and the mediation of cultural Islam in Indonesia. Comparative Islamic Studies, 7(1-2), 105-136. doi:10.1558/cis.v7i1–2.105.

Kholid, A. I. (2016). Walisongo: Eksistensi dan perannya dalam Islamisasi dan implikasinya terhadap munculnya tradisi-tradisi di tanah Jawa. [Walisongo: Its existence and role in Islamization and its implications for the emergence of traditions in the land of Java]. JURNAL TAMADDUN, 1(1), 1-47. doi:10.24235/tamaddun.v1i1.934.g684.

Kusmanto, T. Y., Fauzi, M., & Jamil, M. M. (2015). Dialektika radikalisme dan anti radikalisme di pesantren. [The dialectics of radicalism and anti-radicalism in pesantren]. Walisongo: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan, 23(1), 27-50. doi:10.21580/ws.23.1.221.

Laili, K. (2018). Metode pengajaran di pesantren dan perkembangannya. [Teaching methods in pesantren and their development]. Al Iman: Jurnal Keislaman dan Kemasyarakatan, 2(1), 390-406. http://ejournal.kopertais4.or.id/madura/index.php/aliman/article/view/3197/2368.

Luthfi, K. M. (2016). Islam nusantara: Relasi Islam dan budaya lokal. [Nusantara Islam: Relations between Islam and local culture]. SHAHIH: Journal of Islamicate Multidisciplinary, 1(1), 1-12. doi:10.22515/shahih.v1i1.53.

Ma’arif, A. S. (2009). Islam dalam bingkai keindonesiaan dan kemanusiaan: Sebuah refleksi sejarah. [Islam in the frame of Indonesianity and humanity: A reflection of history]. Bandung: Mizan.

Ma’arif, S. (2011). Dinamika pesantren kontemporer. [The dynamics of contemporary pesantren]. Millah: Jurnal Studi Agama, 11(1), 29-49. doi:10.20885/millah.vol11.iss1.art2.

Mahfud, C. (2009). Pendidikan multikultural. [Multicultural education]. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.

Maksum, A. (2015). Model pendidikan toleransi di pesantren modern dan salaf. [Model of tolerance education in modern pesantren and salaf]. Jurnal Pendidikan Agama Islam (Journal of Islamic Education Studies), 3(1), 81-108. doi:10.15642/jpai.2015.3.1.81-108.

Manfaat, B. (2013). Praktik pendidikan multikultural di Pondok Pesantren Dar al-Tauhid Cirebon. [The practice of multicultural education in the Pesantren Dar al-Tauhid Cirebon]. Holistik, 14(1), 35-54. doi:10.24235/holistik.v14i1.161.

Masduqi, I. (2013). Deradikalisasi pendidikan Islam berbasis khazanah pesantren. [Deradicalization of Islamic education based on the pesantren]. Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 2(1), 1-20. doi:10.14421/jpi.2013.21.1-20.

Mas'udi, M. U. (2015). Dakwah nusantara: Kerangka harmonis dakwah Walisongo dalam diseminasi ajaran Islam di Nusantara. [Nusantara da'wah: A harmonious framework of Walisongo propaganda in the dissemination of Islamic teachings in the archipelago]. AT-TABSYIR STAIN Kudus, 3(2), 279-298. doi:10.21043/at-tabsyir.v3i2.1648.

Miles, M. B. & Huberman, A. M. (1992). An expanded sourcebook qualitative data analysis (2nd ed.). California, CA: Sage Publications.

Mohammad, J. (2010). Pesantren dan pendidikan multikulturalisme. [Pesantren and multicultural education]. http://buntetpesantren.org/index.php.

Mufid, A. S. I. (2013). Radikalisme dan terorisme agama, sebab dan upaya pencegahan. [Religious radicalism and terrorism, causes and prevention efforts]. Harmoni, 12(1), 7-17. http://jurnalharmoni.kemenag.go.id/index.php/harmoni/article/view/190/159.

Muhammad, H. (2001). Fiqh perempuan: Refleksi kiai atas wacana agama dan gender. [Fiqh of women: Reflections on scholars for religious and gender discourse]. Yogyakarta: LKiS.

Muhammad, H. (2004). Islam agama ramah perempuan: Pembelaan kiai pesantren. [Islam-friendly religion: The defense of boarding schools]. Yogyakarta: LKiS.

Muhammad, H. & el-Qum, M. A. (2011). Mengaji pluralisme kepada mahaguru pencerahan. [The study of pluralism on enlightenment majors]. Bandung: Penerbit Mizan.

Mukodi. (2015). Pondok pesantren dan upaya deradikalisasi agama. [Pesantren and religious deradicalization efforts]. Walisongo: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan, 23(1), 89-112. doi:10.21580/ws.23.1.224.

Naim, N. & Sauqi, A. (2008). Pendidikan multikultural: Konsep dan aplikasi. [Multicultural education: Concepts and applications]. Yogyakarta: Ar-Ruzz Media.

Qomar, M. (2002). Pesantren: Dari transformasi metodologi menuju demokratisasi institusi. [Pesantren: From methodology transformation to institution democratization]. Surabaya: Erlangga.

Raihani. (2012). Report on multicultural education in pesantren. Compare: A Journal of Comparative and International Education, 42(4), 585-605. doi:10.1080/03057925.2012.672255.

Rijal, S. (2017). Radikalisme kaum muda Islam terdidik di Makassar. [Radicalism of educated muslim youth in Makassar]. Al-Qalam, 23(2), 335-345. doi: 10.31969/alq.v23i2.434.

Rochmat, S. (2002). Dinamika Pondok Pesantren Gontor dalam modernisasi. [The dynamics of the Pesantren Gontor in modernization]. Jurnal Penelitian Humaniora, 7(2), 27-46. https://journal.uny.ac.id/index.php/humaniora/article/view/5469/4759.

Rofiq, A. C. (2017). Dakwah kultural Bathoro Katong di Ponorogo. [The Da'wah cultural Bathoro Katong in Ponorogo]. ISLAMUNA: Jurnal Studi Islam, 4(2), 304-316. doi: 10.19105/islamuna.v4i2.1593.

Rohadi, T. (2017). Deradicalization through multicultural and local wisdom literacies based teaching model at salaf and kholaf pesantren in West Java. Ijtimā'iyya: Journal of Muslim Society Research, 2(1), 21-42. doi:10.24090/ijtimaiyya.v2i1.1050.

Rokhmad, A. (2012). Radikalisme Islam dan upaya deradikalisasi paham radikal. [Islamic radicalism and efforts to deradicalize radicalism]. Walisongo: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan, 20(1), 79-114. doi: 10.21580/ws.20.1.185.

Rosyidin, M. A. (2015, January 21). Biografi pengasuh Pesantren Tebuireng periode ketujuh K.H. Salahuddin Wahid (2006-sekarang). [Biography of the caregiver of Pesantren Tebuireng for the seventh period K.H. Salahuddin Wahid (2006-present)]. Tebuireng Media Group. https://tebuireng.online/kh-salahuddin-wahid/.

Safitri, P. N. (2017). Studi pemikiran dakwah KH. Mustofa Bisri dalam buku Membuka Pintu Langit (Doctoral dissertation, UIN Walisongo). [Study of missionary thought KH. Mustofa Bisri in the Opening the Door of Heaven book]. http://eprints.walisongo.ac.id/id/eprint/7109.

Salamé, G. (1997). Islam and Politics in Saudi Arabia. Arab Studies Quarterly, 9(3), 306-326. https://www.jstor.org/stable/41857933.

Samsuri, S. & Marzuki, M. (2016). Pembentukan karakter kewargaan multikultural dalam program kurikuler di madrasah aliyah se-Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta. [The formation of the character of multicultural citizenship in the curricular program in madrasas aliyah throughout Yogyakarta Special Region]. Cakrawala Pendidikan, 35(1), 24-32. doi:10.21831/cp.v1i1.8362.

Sasongkojati, A. (2016). Countering Islamic radicalization Indonesian experiences. (Technical Report No. AD1037659). Air War College, Air University Maxwell AFB United States. https://apps.dtic.mil/dtic/tr/fulltext/u2/1037659.pdf.

Sholeh, B. (Ed.). Budaya damai komunitas pesantren. [The peaceful culture of the pesantren community]. Jakarta: LP3ES.

Srimulyani, E. (2012). Women from traditional Islamic educational institutions in Indonesia: Negotiating public spaces. Amsterdam: Amsterdam University Press.

Steenbrink, K. A. (1994). Pesantren, madrasah, sekolah: Pendidikan Islam dalam kurun modern. [Pesantren, madrasah, school: Islamic education in the modern period]. (K. A. Steenbrink & Abdurahman, Trans.). Jakarta: LP3ES. (Original work published 1986).

Susanto, E. (2007). Kemungkinan munculnya paham Islam radikal di “pondok pesantren”. [The possibility of the emergence of radical Islam in "pondok pesantren"]. TADRIS: Jurnal Pendidikan Islam, 2(1), 1-19. doi:10.19105/jpi.v2i1.205.

Thoriqussu’ud, M. (2012). Model-model pengembangan kajian Kitab Kuning di pondok pesantren. [Models for the development of the study of the Kitab Kuning in pesantren]. Jurnal Ilmu Tarbiyah" At-Tajdid, 1(2), 226-239. https://www.ingentaconnect.com/.

Tilaar, H. A. R. (2009). Kekuasaan dan pendidikan: Manajemen pendidikan nasional dalam pusaran kekuasaan. [Power and education: Management of national education in the vortex of power]. Jakarta: Rineka Cipta.

Wahid, A. (2010). Menggerakkan tradisi. [Trigger the tradition]. Yogyakarta: LKiS.

Wahid, M. (2001). Fiqh Madzhab negara: Kritik atas politik hukum Islam di Indonesia. [State Fiqh Madzhab: Criticism of the politics of Islamic law in Indonesia]. Yogyakarta: LKiS.

Wahid, M. (2014). Fiqh Indonesia: Kompilasi hukum Islam dan counter legal draft kompilasi hukum Islam dalam bingkai politik hukum Indonesia. [Indonesian Fiqh: Compilation of Islamic law and counter legal draft compilation of Islamic law within the political framework of Indonesian law]. Cirebon: Institut Studi Islam Fahmina.

Wahid, M., Suwendi, & Zuhri, S. (1999). Pesantren masa depan: Wacana pemberdayaan dan transformasi pesantren. [Future Islamic Boarding school: Discourse on empowerment and transformation of pesantren]. Bandung: Pustaka Hidayah.

Wijdan, A., et al. (2007). Pemikiran dan peradaban Islam. [Islamic thought and civilization]. Yogyakarta: Safiria Insania Press.

Zuhdi, M. H. (2012). Dakwah dan dialektika akulturasi budaya. [Da'wah and dialectics of cultural acculturation]. RELIGIA, 15(1), 46-64. doi:10.28918/religia.v15i1.122.

Zuhriy, M. S. (2011). Budaya pesantren dan pendidikan karakter pada pondok pesantren Salaf. [Pesantren culture and character education at the Salaf boarding school]. Walisongo: Jurnal Penelitian Sosial Keagamaan, 19(2), 287-310. doi:10.21580/ws.19.2.159.




DOI: https://doi.org/10.21831/cp.v39i1.22900

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Bookmark and Share


 

Social Media:

     

 

 Creative Commons License
Jurnal Cakrawala Pendidikan by Lembaga Pengembangan dan Penjaminan Mutu Pendidikan UNY is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Based on a work at https://journal.uny.ac.id/index.php/cp/index.

Translator
 
 web analytics
View Our Stats