Multi-Stakeholder Partnership Model for Preventing Juvenile Delinquency through State Defence Training
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This study aims to analyse the characteristics of juvenile delinquency among junior high school students in Bandung City and develop a multi-stakeholder partnership model by implementing state defence training (bela negara) as a preventive instrument. A qualitative approach using Design-Based Research (DBR) was employed, comprising needs analysis, model design, implementation and pilot testing, and evaluation and refinement, involving eight public junior secondary schools, with eight teachers and school counsellors (one per school) as key informants alongside students and cross-sector partners. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, and focus group discussions, and analysed using thematic analysis. The findings identified five key themes underlying juvenile delinquency. The study produced a multi-stakeholder partnership model that integrates collaborative governance, character education, and state defence training within an experiential learning framework. Observation checklists and teachers' field notes during the pilot indicated positive changes in students' discipline, responsibility, and national awareness, suggesting that the model is a promising preventive strategy that warrants further testing with comparative designs before wider adoption in regional education policy.
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