EFEK MUSIK TERHADAP PRESTASI ANAK USIA PRASEKOLAH: STUDI KOMPARASI EFEK LAGU ANAK, DOLANAN JAWA, DAN MUSIK KLASIK

Abstract
This study aimed to investigate effects of Indonesian children’s songs, Javanese
children’s songs, and Western classical music as the musical backgrounds for the
learning environments in the kindergartens on the students’ achievement. The
study was conducted in the area of Sinduadi with a population comprising 45
students of TK ABA Kutu Asem, 35 students of TK Pertiwi Sinduadi, and 55
students of TK Tunas Muda Kutu Dukuh. The students were asked to listen to the
tree types of songs, each for one month and were then given a test. To investigate
the effect of each treatment, the pretest and posttest data were employed. The
pretest was administered as a control before the treatment was given and the
posttest to find out the effect of the treatment. The tests were administered to
measure the students’ thinking ability and skills and the questionnaire to collect the
data on the students’ environmental characteristics. The students’ achievement
scores, the time to finish the pretest and posttest, and their characteristics were
analyzed by (a) the paired-samples t-test at p < .05 using SSPS 12.0 for Windows to
find out the effect of the treatment, and (b) the description of the students’
characteristics to interpret the meanings. The results of the study showed that
Indonesian children’s songs and Javanese children’s songs had positive effects and
Western classical music had negative effects. This showed that there was a
correlation among the students’ musical environment, the musical treatment effect,
and the students’ achievement. The treatment with music that the students were
familiar with had positive effects or made them learn with comfort so that they
were able to improve their achievement, but that with music that they were
unfamiliar with made them unable to concentrate so that their achievement went
down.
Keywords: music, concentration, students’ achievement