Analisis toksisitas dan potensi antikanker ekstrak metanol daun Majapahit (Crescentia cujete) dengan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test

Abstract

Tanaman Majapahit (Crescentia cujete) merupakan salah satu tanaman di Indonesia yang diketahui memiliki senyawa fenolat, saponin, tanin, alkaloid, dan terpenoid. Beberapa jenis senyawa yang termasuk kedalam golongan fenol diketahui memiliki aktivitas antikanker. Pada penelitian ini dilakukan untuk mengetahui toksisitas ekstrak metanol daun Majapahit menggunakan metode Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT). Pada uji toksisitas menggunakan metode BSLT digunakan lima konsentrasi ekstrak metanol daun Majapahit, yaitu; 500, 400, 300, 200, dan 100 ppm. Ekstrak tersebut kemudian di ujikan pada larva udang Artemia salina L. umur 48 jam. Pada tiap konsentrasi digunakan 10 ekor larva dengan tiga kali pengulangan. Data kematian larva tiap konsentrasi, kemudian di lakukan analiais probit untuk menentukan nilai LC50. Berdasarkan hasil analisis probit dari kematian larva udang pada tiap konsentrasi ekstrak, dapat diketahui bahwa nilai LC50 ekstrak metanol daun Majapahit adalah 642,877ppm. Oleh karena itu, dapat dikatakan bahwa ekstrak bersifat toksik dan berpotensi dikembangkan sebagai antikanker karena memiliki nilai LC50 < 1000 ppm.

Analysis of toxicity and anti-cancer potential of Majapahit (Crescentia cujete) leaf methanol extract using Brine Shrimp Lethality Test method

The Majapahit plant (Crescentia cujete) is one of the plants in Indonesia which is known to have phenolic compounds, saponins, tannins, alkaloids, and terpenoids. Several types of compounds belonging to the phenol group are known to have anticancer activity. The study aimed to determine the toxicity of the methanol extract of the leaves of Majapahit using the Brine Shrimp Lethality Test (BSLT) method. Toxicity test was done using five concentrations of Majapahit leaf methanol extract, there were 500, 400, 300, 200, and 100 ppm. The Majapahit extract was then tested on Artemia salina L. shrimp larvae aged 48 hours. At each concentration, ten larvae were used with three repetitions. Larvae mortality data for each concentration of the extract would be used to carried out probit analysis to determine the LC50 value. Based on the results of the probit analysis of the mortality of shrimp larvae at each extract concentration, it could be seen that the LC50 value of the Majapahit leaf methanol extract is 642.877ppm. So, it means that the extract is toxic and has the potential to be developed as an anticancer because it has an LC50 value of <1000 ppm.