Pengaruh variasi jenis dan peletakan refugia terhadap kemelimpahan serangga pada ekosistem sawah

Tien Aminatun; I Gusti Putu Suryadarma; Suhartini Suhartini; Arsyad Sujangka

doi:10.21831/jps.v1i1.58324

Pengaruh variasi jenis dan peletakan refugia terhadap kemelimpahan serangga pada ekosistem sawah

Tien Aminatun, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia
I Gusti Putu Suryadarma, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Suhartini Suhartini, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Arsyad Sujangka, Badan Riset dan Inovasi Nasional, Indonesia

10.21831/jps.v1i1.58324

Abstract

Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mengkaji pengaruh variasi jenis dan peletakan tanaman refugia terhadap kemelimpahan serangga pada pertanaman padi dan perlakuan variasi jenis dan peletakan tanaman refugia yang paling berpotensi dalam natural pest control berdasarkan kanekaragaman musuh alami. Metode penelitian ini dilakukan dengan menanam tumbuhan kenikir (Tagetes erecta L.) dan kacang panjang (Vigna unguiculata (L.) Walp.) yang masing-masing dengan variasi peletakan di pinggir dan di tengah plot pertanaman padi. Setiap perlakuan terdiri atas 3 plot ulangan, dengan luas setiap plot 4 m2 . Pengamatan keanekaragaman dan kemelimpahan serangga dilakukan 3 minggu sekali selama 4 kali dalam satu musim tanam padi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan variasi jenis dan peletakan tanaman refugia berpengaruh terhadap kemelimpahan serangga. Perlakuan refugia tanaman kacang panjang di pinggir plot memiliki keanekaragaman musuh alami yang lebih tinggi dibandingkan di tengah plot pertanaman padi, akan tetapi keanekaragaman musuh alami tertinggi adalah pada perlakuan refugia tanaman kenikir di tengah plot pertanaman padi. Hal ini menunjukkan bahwa perlakuan tanaman refugia kenikir di tengah pertanaman padi paling berpotensi dalam natural pest control karena memiliki indeks keanekaragaman musuh alami paling tinggi, sehingga mampu menciptakan agroekosistem yang lebih stabil.

Keywords

refugia; kacang panjang; kenikir; sawah

Full Text:

PDF

References

Asmoro, P. P., Dadang, Pudjianto, & Winasa, I. W. (2021a). Olfactory Response of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) Adults to Refugia Plant. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 752(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/752/1/012039

Asmoro, P. P., Dadang, Pudjianto, & Winasa, I. W. (2021b). The effect of flower morphology on the longevity of Diadegma semiclausum (Hymenoptera: Ichneumonidae). IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 694(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/694/1/012049

Barratt, B. I. P., Moran, V. C., Bigler, F., & van Lenteren, J. C. (2018). The status of biological control and recommendations for improving uptake for the future. BioControl, 63(1), 155–167. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10526-017-9831-y

Bianchi, Felix & Wäckers, Felix. (2008). Effects of flower attractiveness and nectar availability in field margins on biological control by parasitoids. Biological Control. 46. 400-408. 10.1016/j.biocontrol.2008.04.010.

Chang, H., Chen, P., & Ma, M. (2020). Feeding preference of Altica deserticola for leaves of Glycyrrhiza glabra and G. uralensis and its mechanism. Scientific Reports, 10(1). https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-020-58537-y

Erdiansyah, I., Damanhuri, D., & Kusuma Ningrum, D. R. (2020). The Application of Marigold Flower and Pintoi Peanuts on The Natural Enemies of Rice Plant at Antirogo Sub-District Jember Regency. El-Hayah, 7(3). https://doi.org/10.18860/elha.v7i3.10054

Erdiansyah, I., & Putri, S. U. (2019). Implementasi Tanaman Refugia dan Peran Serangga pada Tanaman Padi Sawah (Oryza sativa L.) di Kabupaten Jember. Agrin, 22(2). https://doi.org/10.20884/1.agrin.2018.22.2.448

Fatimah, S., Marsuni, Y., & Rosa, H. O. (2022). Pengaruh Tanaman Refugia Kenikir (cosmos caudatus) kombinasi Jarak Tanam Untuk Menghindari serangan penyakit antraknosa pada tanaman Cabai Besar. JURNAL PROTEKSI TANAMAN TROPIKA, 5(1), 420–428. https://doi.org/10.20527/jptt.v5i1.1030

Fouks, B., & Wagoner, K. M. (2019). Pollinator parasites and the evolution of floral traits. Ecology and Evolution, 9(11), 6722–6737. https://doi.org/10.1002/ece3.4989

Godfray, H. C. J. (2007). Parasitoids. Encyclopedia of Biodiversity, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/b0-12-226865-2/00218-2

Held, D. W. (2020). Non-Chemical approaches to Pest Management. Urban Landscape Entomology, 165–184. https://doi.org/10.1016/b978-0-12-813071-1.00008-7

Henuhili, V. and Aminatun, T. (2013). Natural enemy conservation as natural control of pests by management of agroecosystem. J. Penelit. Saintek, 18: 29-40

Hooks, C. R. R., & Fereres, A. (2006). Protecting crops from non-persistently aphid-transmitted viruses: A review on the use of barrier plants as a management tool. Virus Research, Vol. 120. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.virusres.2006.02.006

Ibrahim, E., & Mugiasih, A. (2020). Diversity of pests and natural enemies in rice field agroecosystem with ecological engineering and without ecological engineering. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 484(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/484/1/012108

Jonsson, M., Kaartinen, R., & Straub, C. S. (2017). Relationships between natural enemy diversity and biological control. Current Opinion in Insect Science, 20, 1–6. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.cois.2017.01.001

Nelly, N., Hamid, H., Yunisman, Y., Pratama, A. S., Nawir, W., & Nelly, N. (2020). The diversity of insects in West Sumatera’s local rice by planting refugia as an effort to conserve natural enemies. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 497(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/497/1/012032

Parolin, P., Bresch, C., Poncet, C., & Desneux, N. (2012). Functional characteristics of secondary plants for increased pest management. International Journal of Pest Management, 58(4), 369–377. https://doi.org/10.1080/09670874.2012.734869

Pujiastuti, Y., Weni, H. W. S., & Umayah, A. (2015). Peran Tanaman Refugia Terhadap Kelimpahan Serangga Herbivora pada Tanaman Padi Pasang Surut. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Lahan Suboptimal 2015.

Rattanapun, Wigunda. (2014). Biology of rice bug Leptocorisa oratorius (Fabricius) (Hemiptera: Alydidae), population change and alternative host plants. Communications in agricultural and applied biological sciences. 78. 193-7.

Rezaei, Mehran & Talebi, Ali Asghar & Tazerouni, Zahra. (2019). Parasitoids: The Role of Host Preference and Host Specificity in Biological Control. In: Parasitoids: Biology, Behavior and Ecology Chapter: 1. Nova Science Publishers, Inc. USA.

Rochman, M. T., Mudjiono, G., & Ikawati, S. (2019). Penerapan Tanaman Pinggir pada Budidaya Padi (Oryza sativa L.) Secara PHT terhadap Kelimpahan Populasi Nilaparvata lugens Stal. (Homoptera: Delphacidae) dan Laba-laba. Jurnal Hama Dan Penyakit Tumbuhan, 5(1).

Setyadin, Y., Hilya Abida, S., Azzamuddin, H., Fatiyatur Rahmah, S., & Setyo Leksono, A. (2017). Efek Refugia Tanaman Jagung (Zea mays) dan Tanaman Kacang Panjang (Vigna cylindrica) pada Pola Kunjungan Serangga di Sawah Padi (Oryza sativa) Dusun Balong, Karanglo, Malang. Biotropika, 5(2). https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.biotropika.2017.005.02.3

Sharma, A., Diwevidi, V. D., Singh, S., Pawar, K. K., Jerman, M., Singh, L. B., … Srivastawa, D. (2013). Biological Control and its Importance in Agriculture. International Journal of Biotechnology and Bioengineering Research, 4(3).

Sitepu, M. B., Tobing, M. C. L., & Bakti, D. (2018). The role of refugia plants to the eggs yellow rice stem borer (Scirpophaga incertulas Walker) parasitoids parasitation rate. Journal of Physics: Conference Series, 1116(5), 8–13. https://doi.org/10.1088/1742-6596/1116/5/052064

Snyder, W. E. (2019). Give predators a complement: Conserving natural enemy biodiversity to improve biocontrol. Biological Control, 135, 73–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.biocontrol.2019.04.017

Sumini & Bahri, S. (2020). The Diversity and Abundance of Natural Enemies in Rice Plants Based on the Distance to the Refugia Plants. Jurnal Agrotek Tropika, 8(1).

Susanti, R., & Hanif, A. (2018). Analisa Kadar Kuantitatif Senyawa Lutein dari Tanaman Kenikir (Tagetes erecta L.) Sebagai Mikrohabitat dari Musuh Alami Hama. AGRIUM: Jurnal Ilmu Pertanian, 21(3).

Usyati, N., Kurniawati, N., & Rumasa, O. (2020). Impact of ecological engineering on the type and population of pests, natural enemies, and yields of the Rice. Jurnal Hama Dan Penyakit Tumbuhan Tropika, 20(2), 140–149. https://doi.org/10.23960/jhptt.220140-149

Weni, H. W. S., Pujiastuti, Y., & Umayah, A. (2016). Efek Refugia terhadap Arthropoda Tanaman Padi (Oryza sativa) di Sawah Pasang Surut Refugia Effects toward Arthropods Attacking Rice (Oryza sativa) in Tidal Swamp. Prosiding Seminar Nasional Lahan Suboptimal, 638–647.Asmoro, P. P., Dadang, Pudjianto, & Winasa, I. W. 2021a. Olfactory Response of Plutella xylostella (Lepidoptera: Yponomeutidae) Adults to Refugia Plant. IOP Conference Series: Earth and Environmental Science, 752(1). https://doi.org/10.1088/1755-1315/752/1/012039

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21831/jps.v1i1.58324