Email this article BIODIESEL DARI MINYAK NYAMPLUNG TEROZONISASI MELALUI ESTERIFIKASI DAN TRANSESTERIFIKASI DENGAN BANTUAN GELOMBANG ULTRASONIK
Solihudin Solihudin, Departemen Kimia, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
Rukiah Rukiah, Departemen Kimia, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
Susi Suryani, Departemen Kimia, Fakultas Matematika dan Ilmu Pengetahuan Alam, Universitas Padjadjaran, Indonesia
Abstract
Bahan bakar dari minyak bumi merupakan sumber energi paling dominan digunakan dan bersifat tak terbarukan. Hal ini menyebabkan semakin berkurangnya cadangan bahan bakar fosil. Hal tersebut mendorong dikembangkannya bahan bakar alternatif terbarukan seperti biodiesel. Tujuan penelitian ini adalah mensintesis biodiesel dari minyak nyamplung melalui proses esterifikasi dan transesterifikasi dengan bantuan ozonisasi dan gelombang ultrasonik. Ozonisasi dilakukan selama 30 menit, sedangkan reaksi transesterifikasi dibantu dengan gelombang ultrasonik pada variasi frekuensi 28 dan 35 kHz masing-masing selama 30 menit. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa penggunaan gelombang ultrasonik dengan frekuensi 35 kHz pada reaksi transesterifikasi terhadap minyak nyamplung terozonisasi dari reaksi esterifikasi dihasilkan biodiesel yang relatif sesuai dengan standar biodiesel Indonesia. Biodiesel yang dihasilkan pada kondisi tersebut memiliki bilangan asam 0,70 mgKOH/g biodiesel, bilangan iodium 50,34 g I2/100 g, titik nyala 122,4°C, bilangan cetana 102,5, densitas 0,9088 g/cm3, dan viskositas 9,5 cSt. Yield biodiesel yang diperoleh pada kondisi terbaik adalah sebesar 77,0%.
Kata Kunci: biodiesel, minyak nyamplung, ozonisasi, transesterifikasi, ultrasonik.
Abstract
Fuel from petroleum is the most dominant source of energy used and is non-renewable. This causes the reduction in fossil fuel reserves. It encourages the development of alternative renewable fuels such as biodiesel. The purpose of this study was to synthesize biodiesel from Calophyllum inophyllum oil through esterification and transesterification process with the help of ozonation and ultrasonic waves. Ozonation is performed for 30 minutes, while the transesterification reaction is aided by ultrasonic wave frequency variation 28 and 35 kHz respectively for 30 minutes. The results showed that the use of ultrasonic waves with frequency of 35 kHz in the transesterification reaction to the ozonized Calophyllum inophyllum oil from esterification reaction produced biodiesel relatively accordance with the standards of biodiesel Indonesia. Biodiesel produced in these conditions have the acid value of 0.70 mgKOH/g biodiesel, iodine number 50.34 g I2/100 g, the flash point of 122.4°C, cetana numbers of 102.5, density of 0.9088 g/cm3, and a viscosity of 9.5 cSt. Biodiesel yield that obtained from the best synthesis condition is 77.0%.
Keywords: biodiesel, Calophyllum inophyllum oil, ozonation, transesterification, ultrasonic.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21831/jsd.v5i2.13809
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