Karakteristik butir instrumen asesmen dinamis capaian karakter anak usia dini: Analisis Rasch model

Harun Harun, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Prayitno Prayitno, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Sudaryanti Sudaryanti, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Nelva Rolina, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Abdul Manaf, Universitas Muhammdiyah Buton, Indonesia

Abstract


Capaian karakter anak usia dini merupakan informasi yang sangat penting untuk diketahui seorang guru yang mengajar di TK. Namun selama ini, penilaian atau pengukuran karakter anak usia masih bersifat non dynamic, sehingga tidak diperoleh hasil penilaian atau pengukuran yang maksimal. Selain itu, instrumennya belum diuji kualitas butirnya. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendekripsikan karakteristik butir instrumen yang digunakan dalam mengukur capaian karakter anak usia dini. Penelitian ini menggunakan pendekatan kuantitatif, menganalisis data kuantitatif hasil pengukuran capaian karakter anak TK yang ada di Pontianak, Kalimantan Barat. Sampel penelitian berjumlah 40 anak yang dinilai oleh gurunya. Metode pengumpulan data menggunakan survei dan kuesioner. Data yang terkumpul dianalisis menggunakan Rasch Model. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa instrumen kuesioner yang memuat 45 butir pernyataan memiliki tingkat kesukaran yang heterogen yaitu sangat mudah, mudah, sulit, dan sangat sulit. Keterkaitan antara butir dengan responden terdapat satu butir yang sangat mudah dan sangat sulit direspon oleh responden. Ada 44 butir pernyataan dikatakan sesuai (item fit) karena memiliki: (a) nilai MNSQ OUTFIT lebih besar dari 0.5 dan kurang dari 1.5. (b) Nilai ZSTD OUTFIT lebih besar dari -2,0 dan lebih kecil dari +2.0. (c) Nilai PT MEASURE CORR lebih besar dari 0,4 dan kurang dari 0.85. Berdasarkan nilai alpha cronbach, instrumen memiliki koefisien relibilitas lebih besar 0.7 yang merupakan interaksi antara person dan item secara keseluruhan dan reliabilitas sudah sangat memuaskan. Dengan demikian butir instrumen asesmen dinamis telah memenuhi kriteria sebagai instrumen yang berkualitas dan dapat digunakan guru TK dalam mengukur pencapaian perkembangan karakter anak usia dini. Selain itu, di dalam instrumen tersebut menilai 4 dimensi karakter yaitu hubungan dengan Tuhan, diri sendiri, sesama, dan lingkungan.

 

Characteristics of dynamic assessment instrument items for early childhood achievement: Rasch model analysis

The character achievements of early childhood are essential information for a teacher who teaches in kindergarten to know. However, so far, the assessment or measurement of the character of young children is still non-dynamic, so maximum assessment or measurement results cannot be obtained. In addition, the instrument has not been tested for item quality. This study aims to describe the characteristics of the instrument items used in measuring early childhood character achievements. This study uses a quantitative approach, analyzing quantitative data to estimate the character achievements of kindergarten children in Pontianak, West Kalimantan. The research sample consisted of 40 children who were assessed by their teachers. Data collection methods using surveys and questionnaires. The collected data were analyzed using the Rasch Model. The analysis results show that the questionnaire instrument contains 45 statement items and has heterogeneous difficulty levels: elementary, easy, complex, and very difficult. The linkage between the items and the respondents is one item that is very easy and very difficult for respondents to respond to. 44 items are said to be fit (item fit) because they have: (a) the MNSQ OUTFIT value is more significant than 0.5 and less than 1.5. (b) The ZSTD OUTFIT value is more significant than -2.0 and less than +2.0. (c) The value of PT MEASURE CORR is more critical than 0.4 and less than 0.85. Based on Cronbach's alpha value, the instrument has a more significant reliability coefficient of 0.7, which is the interaction between person and item, and the reliability is very satisfactory. Thus, the dynamic assessment instrument items meet the criteria as a quality instrument and can be used by kindergarten teachers in measuring the achievement of early childhood character development. In addition, the instrument assesses 4-character dimensions: the relationship with God, oneself, others, and the environment.


Keywords


Rasch model; karakteristik butir; asesmen dinamis; karakter; anak usia dini

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21831/jpipfip.v16i2.63358

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