Identifikasi penyebab awan konvektif pada fenomena hujan ekstrem disertai es berbasis citra radar dual polar
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21831/jps.v30i2.89950Keywords:
hujan es, cuaca ekstrem, awan cumolonimbus, radar cuaca, himawariAbstract
Pada 11 Maret 2025, wilayah Daerah Istimewa Yogyakarta (DIY) mengalami kejadian cuaca ekstrem berupa hujan lebat yang disertai angin kencang, kilat, dan disertai es. Fenomena ini menimbulkan dampak signifikan di berbagai lokasi, terutama di Kabupaten Sleman, Kota Yogyakarta, dan Kabupaten Bantul. Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menganalisis dinamika atmosfer yang menyebabkan terbentuknya awan konvektif penghasil hujan es di wilayah tersebut dengan pendekatan multi-instrumentasi meteorologi. Metode yang digunakan meliputi analisis peta streamline, data sinoptik dari Stasiun Klimatologi Yogyakarta, citra satelit Himawari-9 (HCAI), data radar cuaca dual polar dari Stasiun Meteorologi Ahmad Yani, serta validasi hujan menggunakan data pos pengamatan. Hasil analisis menunjukkan bahwa terdapat konvergensi angin lokal dan penurunan tekanan udara yang signifikan, yang memicu terbentuknya awan Cumulonimbus secara cepat dan intensif. Produk radar (CMAX, VCUT, ZHAIL, HAILSZ, dan SWI) mengindikasikan keberadaan struktur awan konvektif kuat dengan reflektivitas tinggi (>60 dBZ), pola weak echo region (WER), overhang echo (OR), dan kemunculan hail spike atau three body scatter spike (TBSS) yang menguatkan dugaan adanya partikel es besar di dalam awan. Estimasi ukuran hail mencapai 10–20 mm dengan probabilitas kejadian hujan es lebih dari 80%. Validasi data curah hujan dari 121 titik pengamatan menunjukkan distribusi hujan intensitas sedang hingga lebat dengan curah hujan tertinggi sebesar 74 mm/hari di Kecamatan Minggir, Sleman. Studi ini menegaskan pentingnya integrasi data satelit, radar, dan pengamatan permukaan dalam mendeteksi dan memahami kejadian cuaca ekstrem di wilayah tropis.
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