An author must meet all four of the following criteria:

• Made a substantial contribution to the conception or design of the study, or to the acquisition, analysis, or interpretation of data;
• Drafted the manuscript or revised it critically for important intellectual content;
• Approved the final version submitted for review and the version to be published;
• Agrees to be accountable for all aspects of the work, and to help investigate and resolve any questions about its accuracy or integrity.

Anyone who meets these criteria must be listed as an author. Anyone who does not should not be.

Contributions that alone do not justify authorship should be named in the Acknowledgements, with the contributor’s consent. Examples:

• general supervision of a research group, or administrative support;
• providing funding, equipment, or access to a school, institution, or participants;
• data collection or technical help without involvement in analysis or writing;
• language editing, proofreading, or translation.

Every manuscript must include a short statement that describes what each author did. JPK recommends the CRediT (Contributor Roles Taxonomy) roles:

Example: “A.B.: conceptualization, methodology, writing – original draft. C.D.: investigation, formal analysis. E.F.: supervision, writing – review & editing.”

One author is designated as the corresponding author. This person:

• submits the manuscript and handles all communication with the journal, including review, proofs, and after publication;
• confirms that all authors have read and approved the manuscript and agreed to its submission;
• provides accurate names, affiliations, and email addresses for all authors, and ORCID iDs where available;
• makes sure that conflicts of interest, funding, and ethical approvals are declared.

The author list and order should reflect each person’s contribution and must be agreed by all authors before submission. Please do not add authors to an article that needs only one or two. The journal does not decide the order of authors and does not settle disagreements between authors.

Adding, removing, or reordering authors is not allowed after acceptance. Before acceptance, the corresponding author must send the editor a written request that states the reason and is confirmed by all authors, including any author being added or removed. The editor may pause the review until the matter is resolved. After publication, changes are made only through a published correction.

• Ghost authorship: leaving out a person who meets the criteria.
• Guest or gift authorship: listing a person who has not contributed, for example because of seniority, position, or friendship.
• Bought, sold, or exchanged authorship, and listing people who have not given their consent.
• Using a false identity or a fictitious author.

Cases are reviewed by the editors and may result in rejection, correction, or retraction. See the Publication Ethics page.

A supervisor or advisor is listed as an author only when they meet the criteria in section 1. Otherwise they are named in the Acknowledgements. If the article comes from a thesis, dissertation, or funded project, state this in a note or in the Acknowledgements.

AI tools cannot be listed as authors, because they cannot take responsibility for a work. Authors who use AI tools for writing, translation, or analysis must disclose the tool and how it was used in the Methods or Acknowledgements, and remain responsible for the accuracy and originality of the manuscript.

If you have questions about authorship, or a concern about the author list of a submitted or published article, contact the editorial office at jpk_plb@uny.ac.id. Please also read the Author Guidelines before submitting.