Development of e-smartika market to improve critical thinking and whole number conceptual understanding
Critical thinking skills and conceptual understanding of whole numbers among elementary school students remain limited due to the lack of contextual and interactive learning media. This study aimed to develop the E-Smartika Market learning media and examine its validity, practicality, and effectiveness in improving students’ critical thinking skills and conceptual understanding of whole numbers. This research employed a Research and Development approach using the ADDIE model involving 24 fifth-grade students of SD Negeri 027/IX Sebapo. Data were collected through observations, interviews, expert validation sheets, teacher and student response questionnaires, and pretest-posttest assessments. The developed media was categorized as highly valid, highly practical, and effective. Students’ mean score increased from 72.08 on the pretest to 96.25 on the posttest, with an N-Gain score of 0.836 (high category) and an Effect Size of 3.015 (large effect). These findings indicate that E-Smartika Market is suitable for supporting mathematics learning by enhancing elementary students’ critical thinking skills and conceptual understanding of whole numbers.
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