Generative AI Policy

Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan (JuMP) (p-ISSN 1978-1938; e-ISSN 2580-6491) recognises that generative artificial intelligence (AI) tools (such as ChatGPT, Claude, Gemini, DeepL, and others) can support scholarly work in educational management, leadership, and policy research. However, these tools also carry risks. This policy sets out how authors, reviewers, and editors may use generative AI responsibly. It is based on the COPE position statement on authorship and AI tools and current international publishing practices, and will be revised as the technology and good practices develop.

When using generative AI, users should be aware of four main risks:

• Inaccuracy and Bias: AI tools are statistical, not factual. They can produce false information (“hallucinations”), fabricated references, and biased content. Bias deserves particular attention in educational management and policy research, which often concerns institutional leadership, gender equality, resource allocation, and marginalized groups in education.
• Lack of Attribution: AI output often reproduces others' ideas or text without proper credit, which may amount to plagiarism.
• Confidentiality and Intellectual Property: Content entered into third-party AI platforms may be exposed, leaked, or misused.
• Unintended Reuse: AI providers may reuse input or output data, for example, to train their commercial models.

2.1 Accountability

Authors are fully responsible for the originality, validity, and integrity of their manuscript, including any part produced with AI assistance. Authors must review all AI output carefully, check facts and references against original primary sources, and ensure that the work reflects their own critical analysis and arguments. Before using a tool, authors should check that its terms of service protect intellectual property, confidentiality, and data security—especially regarding interview transcripts, teacher/student survey data, and institutional records.

2.2 Authorship

Generative AI tools must not be listed as an author or co-author, and must not be cited as an author. AI cannot take legal or scholarly responsibility for the content, manage copyright and licensing, consent to publication, or give contractual assurances. These are fundamental requirements of authorship.

2.3 Permitted Uses (with Disclosure)

• Idea generation and exploration, such as brainstorming research questions or conceptual frameworks in educational management.
• Language improvement, copyediting, and proofreading to enhance clarity.
• Translation of the author's own text (e.g., from Indonesian into English), provided the author verifies the translation accuracy.
• Literature search assistance, provided every source is checked against the original publication.
• Coding and statistical script assistance (e.g., in R, Python, SPSS, or NVivo/ATLAS.ti scripts), provided the scripts are validated by the authors.

2.4 Prohibited or High-Risk Uses

• Generating core text, arguments, or conclusions without thorough human revision, or submitting AI-generated text as the authors' own analysis.
• Generating or altering research data, survey results, interview transcripts, or field observations, or creating synthetic datasets to replace missing research data.
• Generating references or citations. Every reference must be a real, verified source that the authors have read.
• Producing unverified content, including abstracts, keywords, or supplementary material.
• Uploading confidential or identifiable participant data (e.g., student records, school staff interviews) to public AI platforms without explicit consent and ethics approval.

2.5 Images and Figures

• Permitted: AI assistance in creating data visualisations, conceptual diagrams, flowcharts (e.g., PRISMA diagrams), or explanatory figures, provided this is disclosed and the underlying data are accurate.
• Not Permitted: Using AI to create, alter, or manipulate primary research outputs, such as fieldwork photographs, documentary evidence, institutional archives, or screenshots presented as data.

2.6 Disclosure Requirements

Authors must include a formal Declaration of Generative AI Use in the end-matter of the manuscript (before References). The declaration must state:

• The name and version of the tool used (e.g., ChatGPT-4o, Claude 3.5, Gemini 1.5, DeepL Write);
• How it was used, specifying the sections affected;
• Why it was used;
• How the AI output was critically reviewed and verified by the human authors.

• Reviewers must not upload manuscripts under review, or any part of them (including files, figures, tables, and supplementary data), to generative AI tools. Doing so breaches manuscript confidentiality and the anonymity of double-anonymous peer review.
• Reviewers must not use AI tools to analyze or summarize submitted manuscripts, or to generate peer-review reports.
• Reviewers may use AI tools only to refine the grammar or language of a review report they have written themselves, without entering any content from the author's manuscript.
• Reviewers remain fully responsible for the accuracy, fairness, and integrity of their review reports.
• If reviewers suspect undisclosed or inappropriate AI use in a manuscript (e.g., hallucinated references or generic, unsupported text), they should inform the editor in their confidential comments.

• Editors must keep all submissions and peer-review communications confidential. They must not upload unpublished manuscripts, associated files, images, reviews, or decision letters to AI tools.
• Editors must not use AI to make or justify editorial decisions. All decisions are made by human editors.
• Editors may use only tools that the journal has approved for specific technical tasks, such as similarity checking or reference validation, provided these tools comply with strict data protection standards.
• Results from automated AI-detection tools are not definitive proof of AI use. Editors treat them as one indicator among others and give authors the opportunity to explain before taking any action.

• Identification: A concern regarding AI misuse is raised by an editor, reviewer, reader, or through screening (e.g., non-existent references, tortured phrases, or inconsistent text).
• Request for Explanation: The editor asks the authors to explain their AI usage and provide supporting evidence (such as drafts, raw data, or verified sources) within 14 days for manuscripts under review, or 30 days for published articles.
• Assessment and Action:
  • Undisclosed but acceptable use: Authors must add a formal Declaration of Generative AI Use prior to publication, or a corrigendum is published if already released.
  • Prohibited use: The manuscript is rejected, or the published article is retracted. The case may be handled under the journal's Research Misconduct Policy, including institutional notification.
  • Breaches by reviewers or editors: The review is disregarded, and the individual is removed from the reviewer database or editorial board.

For questions or clarifications regarding the Generative AI Policy, please contact the editorial office of Jurnal Manajemen Pendidikan (JuMP) at jump@uny.ac.id.