Intervensi Picture Exchange Communication System untuk Meningkatkan Komunikasi Anak dengan Autism Spectrum Disorder - Non Verbal

Riskia Ramadhina Sukriananda; Frieda M Mangunsong

doi:10.21831/jpk.v19i2.65112

Intervensi Picture Exchange Communication System untuk Meningkatkan Komunikasi Anak dengan Autism Spectrum Disorder - Non Verbal

Riskia Ramadhina Sukriananda, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia
Frieda M Mangunsong, Universitas Indonesia, Indonesia

10.21831/jpk.v19i2.65112

Abstract

Penelitian sebelumnya menemukan bahwa kesulitan komunikasi pada anak dengan autism spectrum disorder non verbal, khususnya keengganan untuk memulai komunikasi, dapat ditangani dengan progam pelatihan komunikasi alternatif menggunakan kartu bergambar, atau disebut juga dengan picture exchange communication system (PECS). Walau demikian, belum ada pelatihan yang melibatkan orang tua di dalam prosesnya. Dengan demikian, penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat efektivitas intervensi PECS dalam meningkatkan komunikasi anak dengan orang tua sebagai pelatih. Keberhasilan intervensi ditandai dengan peningkatan persentase anak melakukan satu siklus penggunaan kartu (mengambil kartu, menjangkau pelatih, dan meletakkan kartu bergambar kepada pelatih) dalam mengkomunikasikan keinginannya, secara mandiri. Penelitian ini menggunakan metode reversal replication strategy (ABA design) dengan subjek tunggal, yang dilakukan pada anak lelaki usia 7 tahun 6 bulan, dengan diagnosis Autistism Syndrome Disorder - non verbal. Data dalam penelitian ini dikumpulkan dengan metode continuous recording. Pelatihan dilakukan selama delapan hari dengan rincian dua hari persiapan pelatihan mencakup workshop kepada orang tua sebagai pelatih, reinforcement assessment dan baseline, lima hari intervensi anak, serta satu hari evaluasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan peningkatan persentase keberhasilan anak untuk memulai komunikasi menggunakan kartu bergambar secara mandiri hingga empat puluh persen keberhasilan setelah intervensi.

Keywords

PECS; Autism Spectrum Disorder; Communication; Non verbal

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21831/jpk.v19i2.65112