Performance analysis of rear under run protection device (RUPD) on truck based on vehicle safety standards in Indonesia

Ethys Pranoto; Edi Purwanto

Authors

Ethys Pranoto Politeknik Keselamatan Transportasi Jalan, Indonesia
Edi Purwanto Politeknik Keselamatan Transportasi Jalan, Indonesia

Keywords:

Rear under-run, Protection device, Finite element method, Vehicle safety

Abstract

The rear under-run protection device is an apparatus installed on goods vehicles with a rear section that is more than 700 millimeters above the road surface. The height disparity between two vehicles may lead to the passenger compartment of a smaller vehicle colliding with and sliding under the chassis of a larger vehicle. This device is mounted to reduce the risk of fatalities resulting from rear-end collisions. This study aims to evaluate the design of rear under-run protection devices on goods vehicles to determine whether they meet the prerequisites set forth in the applicable Indonesian regulations. This is achieved by conducting modeling and testing simulations using software based on the finite element method. The evaluation results indicate that the underrun protection design satisfies several required technical criteria; however, non-conformities remain in structural dimensions and joint integrity, including a cross-member height of 80 mm (< 100 mm), a member length of 2200 mm (< 2300 mm), a cross-bar deflection reaching 419.5 mm (exceeding the ≤ 400 mm limit), and the use of welded joints instead of the required bolt–nut connections. Consequently, structural and mounting system modifications are necessary to achieve full compliance with the applicable standards.

Downloads

Download data is not yet available.

References

[1] Z. F. Al-Bahash, M. N. M. Ansari, and Q. H. Shah, “Design and simulation of a rear underride protection device (RUPD) for heavy vehicles,” Int. J. Crashworthiness, vol. 23, no. 1, pp. 47–56, 2018, doi: 10.1080/13588265.2017.1302040.

[2] H. M. Abid, E. N. Roslin, and R. I. B. A. Jalal, “Performance of rear under-ride protection device (RUPD) during car to heavy truck rear impact,” Int. J. Eng. Adv. Technol., vol. 8, no. 6, pp. 3367–3375, 2019, doi: 10.35940/ijeat.F9504.088619.

[3] K. J. Bowles and S. Frimpong, Void Effects on the Interlaminar Shear Strength of Unidirectional Graphite-Fiber-Reinforced Composites. 1992. doi: 10.1177/002199839202601006.

[4] W. Noviansah, “Taksi Online Tabrak Belakang Truk di Tol Kapuk, Penumpang Tewas,” detikNews, Jakarta, Oct. 18, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://news.detik.com/berita/d-6988670/taksi-online-tabrak-belakang-truk-di-tol-kapuk-penumpang-tewas

[5] N. Sinaga, “Tabrak Belakang di Tol Medan-Tebing Tinggi, Dua Tewas,” Kompas.com, Medan, 2023. [Online]. Available: https://www.kompas.id/baca/nusantara/2023/02/02/tabrak-belakang-truk-di-jalan-tol-medan-tebing-tinggi-dua-meninggal

[6] Menteri Perhubungan, “Peraturan Menteri Perhubungan Republik Indonesia Nomor PM 74 Tahun 2021 Tentang Perlengkapan Keselamatan Kendaraan Bermotor,” Kementerian Perhubungan Republik Indonesia. Kementerian Perhubungan Republik Indonesia, Indonesia, 2021.

[7] Badan Standardisasi Nasional, “SNI 7522-2009 - Perlengkapan perisai kolong bagian belakang untuk kendaraan bermotor kategori N2, N3, O3 dan O4.” Badan Standardisasi Nasional, Jakarta, 2009.

[8] K. Joshi, T. A. Jadhav, and A. Joshi, “Finite Element Analysis of Rear Under-Run Protection Device (RUPD) for Impact Loading,” Int. J. Eng. Res. Dev., vol. 1, no. 7, pp. 19–26, 2012.

[9] M. Gidlewski, J. Jackowski, and P. Posuniak, “Review and Analysis of Technical Designs of Rear Underrun Protective Devices (RUPDs) in Terms of Regulatory Compliance,” Sensors, vol. 22, no. 7, 2022, doi: 10.3390/s22072645.

[10] S. Jaju and S. Pandare, “Rear Underrun Protection Test (ECE R58) using CAE Simulation,” SAE Int. J. Commer. Veh., vol. 9, no. 2, pp. 276–279, 2016, doi: 10.4271/2016-01-8098.

[11] M. Laddha, N. Kumar, and A. K. Namdeo, “The FEA validation of side underrun protection device (SUPD) for heavy commercial vehicles,” Int. J. Mech. Prod. Eng. Res. Dev., vol. 9, no. 4, pp. 263–268, 2019, doi: 10.24247/ijmperdaug201927.

[12] S. Feng, Z. Liu, Y. Zhao, and G. Shi, “Collision simulation and design optimization of rear underrun protection device of lorry,” IOP Conf. Ser. Earth Environ. Sci., vol. 189, no. 4, 2018, doi: 10.1088/1755-1315/189/4/042008.

[13] N. D. Ramadhan, M. Alfarizi, and A. Widyianto, “Design and Finite Element Analysis of a Portable Bus Service Ramp to Reduce Dependence on Service Pits,” J. Automot. Mech. Appl. Technol., vol. 2, no. 2, pp. 132–145, 2025, doi: 10.21831/jamat.v2i2.2479.

[14] T. Belytschko, W. K. Liu, and B. Moran, Nonlinear Finite Elements for Continua and Structures. Chichester: John Wiley & Sons, Ltd, 2000.

[15] C. K. Aditama, M. Y. Ismail, and I. Siswanto, “Testing of Design and Functionality of Front Suspension Arm in UNY Automotive Electric Vehicle for Individuals with Disabilities,” J. Automot. Mech. Appl. Technol., vol. 2, no. 1, pp. 76–83, 2025.