PEMIKIRAN WUJUDIYAH HAMZAH FANSURI DAN KRITIK NURUDIN AL-RANIRI
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Penelitian dengan judul "Pemikiran Wujudiyah Hamzah Fansuri dan Kritik
Nurudin Al-Raniri" bertujuan untuk mengetahui: (1) Corak pemikiran wujudiyah Hamzah
Fansuri;(2) Alasan mengapa Nuruddin al-Raniri mengkritik pemikiran Hamzah Fansuri,
dan (3) Bagaimana kritik Nuruddin al-Raniri terhadap pemikiran Hamzah Fansuri
dilakukan.
Corak pemikiran wujudiyah Hamzah Fansuri adalah sebagai berikut. Pertama,
pada hakekatnya zat dan wujud Tuhan sama dengan zat dan wujud alam. Kedua, tajalli
alam dari zat dan wujud Tuhan pada tataran awal adalah Nur Muhammad. Ketiga, Nur
Muhammad adalah sumber segala khalq Allah. Keempat, manusia sebagai mikrokosmos
harus berusaha mencapai kebersamaan dengan Tuhan. Kelima, manusia yang berhasil
mencapai kebersamaan dengan Tuhan adalah manusia yang telah mencapai kesempurnaan.
Alasan utama Nuruddin al-Raniri mengkritisi dan sekaligus menolak pemikiran
Hamzah Fansuri adalah didasarkan adanya kekhawatiran bahwa ajaran yang disebarkan
Hamzah Fansuri tersebut akan menyesatkan pemikiran orang-orang awam. Bagaimana
Nuruddin al-Raniri menghadapi ajaran Hamzah Fansuri adalah dengan menggunakan dua
pendekatan. Pendekatan pertama bercorak intelektual, yaitu dengan menulis berbagai kitab
dan tulisan yang menjelaskan kerancuan-kerancuan sejarah kaum wujudiyah dan
sekaligus bantahan terhadap faham wujudiyah. Selain itu, ia juga mengadakan debat
terbuka melawan pengikut wujudiyah. Pendekatan kedua bercorak kekuasaan, yaitu
meminta penguasa untuk melarang peredaran tulisan-tulisan yang memuat ajaran wahdah
al-wujud dan bahkan memusnahkan buku-buku tersebut.
THOUGHT OF WUJUDIYAH HAMZAH FANSURI AND
CRITICISM OF NURUDIN AL-RANIRI
This study aims to find out: 1) the thought of Wujudiyah Hamzah Fansuri; 2) The
reason Nuruddin al-Raniri criticized Hamzah Fansuri's thought, and (3) the ways in which
Nuruddin al-Raniri faced Hamzah Fansuri's thoughts. The style of thinking of Wujudiyah
Hamzah Fansuri is as follows. First, the substance and form of God are essentially the
same as substances and forms of nature. Second, the nature of tajalli from the substance
and form of God at the initial level is Nur Muhammad. Third, Nur Muhammad is the
source of all the khalq of Allah. Fourth, humans as microcosmos must try to achieve
togetherness with God. Fifth, humans who succeed in achieving togetherness with God are
human beings who have achieved perfection. The main reason for Nuruddin al-Raniri
criticizing and rejecting Hamzah Fansuri's thinking was based on the concern that the
teachings spread by Hamzah Fansuri would mislead the minds of ordinary people. There
are two approaches used by Nuruddin al-Raniri in dealing with the teachings of Hamzah
Fansuri: 1) intellectual approach, by writing various books that explain the historical
ambiguities of the Wujudiyah and at the same time denial of Wujudiyah ideology and
open debate against wujudiyah followers; 2) power approach, by asking the authorities to
ban the circulation of writings that contain the teachings of wahdah al-wujud and even
destroy the books.
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