Peranan Inteligensi, Penguasaan Kosakata, Sikap, dan Minat terhadap Kemampuan Membaca pada Anak

Ratna Wulan

doi:10.21831/pep.v14i2.1077

Peranan Inteligensi, Penguasaan Kosakata, Sikap, dan Minat terhadap Kemampuan Membaca pada Anak

Ratna Wulan,

10.21831/pep.v14i2.1077

Abstract

Abstrak

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mengetahui peran inteligensi, penguasaan kosakata, sikap terhadap membaca, dan minat membaca terhadap kemampuan membaca siswa kelas 4 sekolah dasar, berusia 9-10 tahun. Subjek penelitian adalah siswa yang tidak terganggu penglihatan dan pendengarannya serta tidak mengalami retardasi mental. Alat pengumpul data adalah CFIT Skala-2 untuk mengukur inteligensi, Tes Kosakata untuk mengukur penguasaan kosakata, Skala Sikap Terhadap Membaca untuk mengukur sikap terhadap membaca, Skala Minat Membaca untuk mengukur minat membaca, dan Tes Membaca untuk mengukur kemampuan membaca. Subjek penelitian adalah 377 murid dari 16 SDN di kota Yogyakarta, terdiri dari 180 laki-laki dan 197 perempuan. Hasil analisis regresi dengan empat prediktor, menunjukkan keempat prediktor secara bersama-sama berperan terhadap kemampuan membaca (R = 0,592, F = 50,154 dengan p < 0,05) dan sumbangannya sebesar 35% (penguasaan kosakata 29%, inteligensi 5,4%, sikap terhadap membaca 0,6%, dan minat membaca 0%).

Kata kunci: kemampuan membaca, penguasaan kosakata, inteligensi, sikap terhadap membaca, minat membaca

Full Text:

PDF

References

Ajzen, I. (2005). Attitudes, personality and berhavior. (Second Edition). London: Open University Press.

Baldwin, R. S., Peleg-Bruckner, Z., & McClintock, A.H. (1985). Effects of topic interest and prior knowledge on reading comprehension. Reading Research Quarterly, 20(4), 497-504.

Bannatyne, A. (1976). Language, reading and learning disabilities. Third Printing. Springfield, IL: Charles C Thomas–Publisher.

Burns, P. C., Roe, B. D., & Ross, P. E. (1984). Teaching Reading in Today’s Elementary Schools. (Third Edition). Boston: Houghton Mifflin Company.

Cain, K., Oakhill, J., & Lemmon, K. (2004). Individual differences in the inference of word meanings from context: The influence of reading comprehension, vocabulary knowledge, and memory capacity. Journal of Educational Psychology, 96(4), 671- 681.

Cattell, R. B., & Cattell, A. K. S. (1960). Handbook for the individual or group Culture Fair Intelligence Test Scale- 2. Champaign, IL: Institute for Personality and Ability Testing.

Chatterji, M. (2006). Reading achievement gaps, correlates, and moderators of early reading achivement: Evidence from the early childhood longitudinal study (ECLS) kindergarten to first grade sample. Journal of Educational Psychology, 98(3), 489 – 507.

Connor, C. M., Morrison, F. J., & Petrella, J. N. (2004). Effective reading comprehension instruction: Examining child X instruction interactions. Journal of Educational Psychology, 96(4), 682-698.

Dardjowidjojo, S. (2003). Psikolinguistik:Pengantar pemahaman bahasa manusia. Jakarta: Yayasan Obor Indonesia.

DeMao, V. L. (1977). Piagetian assessment of reading readiness. Sixth annual conference. Piagetian theory and the helping professions. 140-151. University of Southern California.

De Soto, J. L., & De Soto, C. B. (1983). Relationship of reading achievement to verbal processing abilities. Journal of Educational Psychology, 75(1), 116-127.

Dunn, L. M. (1965). Expanded manual Peabody Picture Vocabulary Test. Circle Pines, MN: American Guidance Service, Inc.

Elley, W. B. (1992). How in the world do students read? The International Association for the Evaluation of Educational Achievement. Hamburg: Grindeldruck GMBH.

Field, A. (2000). Discovering statistics using SPSS for windows: Advanced techniques for the beginer. London: Sage Publications.

Glanz, K., & Rimer, B. K. (1997). Theory at a glance: A guide for health promotion practice. New York: National Institute of Health.

Harris, A. J., & Sipay, E. R. (1980). How to increase reading ability. (Seventh Edition). New York: Longman.

Heilman, C. E., Blair, T. R., & Rupley, W. H. (1981). Principles and practices of teaching reading. (Fifth Edition). Columbus, OH: A Bell & Howell Company.

Hurlock, E. B. (1978). Child development. (Sixth Edition). Tokyo: McGraw- Hill International Book Company.

Itzkowitz, L. (1993). Fundamentals of reading. Dalam: Psychology and Education: Paralel and interactive approach. Editor: Notterman, J. M., & Drewry, H. N. New York: Plenum Press.

Kirby, J. R., & Das, J. P. (1977). Reading achievement, IQ, and simultaneous-successive processing. Journal of Educational Psychology, 69(5), 564-570.

Kompas, 27 April (2001). Mendiknas Yahya A Muhaimin: Parah, Kemampuan Membaca Siswa SD. Jakarta.

McCoach, D. B., O’Connell, A. A.., Reis, S. M., & Levitt, H. A. (2006). Growing readers: A hierarchical linear model of children’s reading growth during the first 2 years of school. Journal of Educational Psychology, 98(1), 14-28.

Otto, W., Rude, R., & Spiegel, D. L. (1979). How to teach reading. London: Addison-Wesley.

Quellette, G. P. (2006). What’s meaning got to do with it: the role of vocabulary in word reading and reading comprehension. Journal of Educational Psychology, 98(3), 554-566.

Shnayer, S. W. (1968). Some relationships between reading interest and reading comprehension. Paper presented at International Reading Associaton Conference. Boston, April 24-26. (abstrak) Diakses tanggal 17 November 2007, dari: www.eric.ed.gov.

Smith, F. (1982). Understanding reading. Third Edition. New York: Holt, Rinehart and Winston.

Sunardi. (1997). Menangani kesulitan belajar membaca. Buku 3. Paket Penanganan Siswa Berkesulitan Belajar Untuk Guru, Kepala Sekolah, dan Pembina Sekolah Dasar. Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan, Badan Penelitian dan Pengembangan Pendidikan dan Kebudayaan Pusat Pengembangan Kurikulum dan Sarana Pendidikan.

Sutrisno Hadi. (1983). Analisis regresi. (Cetakan I). Yogyakarta: Yayasan Penerbitan Fakultas Psikologi Universitas Gadjah Mada.

Tampubolon, D. P. (1983). Membaca: Pengertian dan implikasinya. Analisis Pendidikan, IV(3), 26-40.

Thorne, C. (1991). Study of beginning reading in Lima. Nijmegen, The Netherlands: Drukkerij QUICKPRINT BV.

Warsono. (1998). Profil kemampuan membaca siswa SD di Jawa Tengah. Jurnal Penelitian Pendidikan Dasar, II(3), 33 - 49.

Widyana, R. (2006). Faktor-faktor kognitif yang mempengaruhi kemampuan membaca anak-anak kelas 1 dan 2 sekolah dasar. Disertasi tidak diterbitkan. Universitas Gadjah Mada. Yogyakarta:

Wiederholt, J. E., & Bryant, B. R. (1992). Gray oral reading test. Third Edition. Examiner’s Manual. Austin, TX: Pro-ed.

Wiederholt, J. E., & Blalock, G. (2000). Gray silent reading tests. Examiner’s Manual. Austin, TX: Pro-ed.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21831/pep.v14i2.1077