Social construction of law enforcement for sexual violence against women in Aceh Utara

Zulkifli Zulkifli, Department of Management, Universitas Malikussaleh, Indonesia
Arief Rahman, Department of Aquaculture, Universitas Malikussaleh, Indonesia
Martina Martina, Department of Agribusiness, Universitas Malikussaleh, Indonesia
Rizka Mumtiza, Department of Accounting, Universitas Malikussaleh, Indonesia
Mauliza Risma, Department of Accounting, Universitas Malikussaleh, Indonesia

Abstract


The level and types of sexual violence crimes in Indonesia are increasing and worrying the public. Law enforcement efforts to overcome criminal acts of sexual violence are increasingly being implemented. This study aims to examine the social construction of law enforcement against the crime of sexual violence against women in Aceh Utara. Respondents in the study amounted to 21 people who were selected with accidental sampling. The types of data in the form of primary data and secondary data were analyzed descriptively qualitatively. The results of the study explain that the legal basis used in the law enforcement process of sexual violence against women in Aceh Utara is Aceh Qanun Number 6 of 2014 concerning Inayat Law. Criminal charges for perpetrators of sexual violence in Aceh are whipping, fines, and imprisonment. It was found that the criminal sanctions contained in the qanun jinayat were lighter than the national law. For this reason, it is necessary to revise the qanun to provide a more severe deterrent effect on perpetrators, protect witnesses and victims with adopting developments in national laws related to sexual violence while still referring to the Aceh's Islamic characteristics.


Keywords


Aceh law; social construction; woman violence

Full Text:

PDF

References


Alkan, Ö., & Tekmanlı, H. H. (2021). Determination of the factors affecting sexual violence against women in Turkey: a population-based analysis. BMC Women’s Health, 21(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12905-021-01333-1

Banarjee, S. (2020). Identifying factors of sexual violence against women and protection of their rights in Bangladesh. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 52, 101384. https://doi.org/10.1016/J.AVB.2020.101384

Bonar, E. E., DeGue, S., Abbey, A., Coker, A. L., Lindquist, C. H., McCauley, H. L., Miller, E., Senn, C. Y., Thompson, M. P., Ngo, Q. M., Cunningham, R. M., & Walton, M. A. (2022). Prevention of sexual violence among college students: Current challenges and future directions. Journal of American College Health, 70(2), 575–588. https://doi.org/10.1080/07448481.2020.1757681

Bradley, S. F. (2020). Protection of detainees from sexual violence under International Humanitarian Law. Journal of Conflict and Security Law, 25(3), 381–422. https://doi.org/10.1093/jcsl/kraa010

Chynoweth, S. K., Buscher, D., Martin, S., & Zwi, A. B. (2022). Characteristics and impacts of sexual violence against men and boys in conflict and displacement: A multicountry exploratory study. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 37(9–10), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260520967132

Cotterrell, R. (1995). Law’s community: Legal theory in sociological perspective. Oxford University Press UK.

Creswell, J. W., & Poth, C. N. (2018). Qualitative inquiry & research design: Choosing among five approaches (4th ed.). SAGE.

Dartnall, E., & Jewkes, R. (2013). Sexual violence against women: The scope of the problem. Best Practice & Research Clinical Obstetrics & Gynaecology, 27(1), 3–13. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bpobgyn.2012.08.002

Darves-Bornoz, J.-M. (2021). Trauma in rapes and assaults. Children, 8(12), 1143. https://doi.org/10.3390/children8121143

Das, M., & Singh, S. (2020). Crimes of sexual violence within International Criminal Law: A historical outline. Journal of Politics and Law, 14(1), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.5539/jpl.v14n1p1

Draucker, C. B. (1999). The emotional impact of sexual violence research on participants. Archives of Psychiatric Nursing, 13(4), 161–169. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0883-9417(99)80002-8

Fadlia, F., & Ramadani, I. (2018). The qanun jinayat discriminates against women (victims of rape) in Aceh, Indonesia. Journal of Southeast Asian Human Rights, 2(2), 448–470. https://doi.org/10.19184/JSEAHR.V2I2.8358

Forest, M., & Blanchette, I. (2018). Memory for neutral, emotional and trauma-related information in sexual abuse survivors. European Journal of Psychotraumatology, 9(1), 1476439. https://doi.org/10.1080/20008198.2018.1476439

Gaggioli, G. (2015). Sexual violence in armed conflicts: A violation of international humanitarian law and human rights law. In International Review of the Red Cross (Vol. 96, Issue 894, pp. 503–538). https://doi.org/10.1017/S1816383115000211

Hacking, I. (1999). The social construction of what? Harvard University Press.

Halim, F. (2015). Hukum dan perubahan sosial. Al Daulah : Jurnal Hukum Pidana Dan Ketatanegaraan, 4(1), 107–115. https://journal.uin-alauddin.ac.id/index.php/al_daulah/article/view/1492

Handayani, T. A., Prasetyo, T., & Rahmat, D. (2019). Legal protection of women victims of sexual harassment in Indonesia. UNIFIKASI : Jurnal Ilmu Hukum, 6(2), 209–218. https://doi.org/10.25134/unifikasi.v6i2.1939

Hardjaloka, L. (2015). Criminal Justice System of Children: an Overview Restorative Justice Concept in Indonesia and Other Countries. Journal of Dinamika Hukum, 15(1).

Hidana, R., Ihwanudin, N., Hadi, I., Handayani, H., Meri, M., Yuswanto, S., Hermawan, S., Haiti, D., Labetubun, M. A. H., Arif, Z., Yuliana, A., & Siregar, R. A. (2020). Etika profesi & aspek hukum bidang kesehatan. In CV WIDINA MEDIA UTAMA. CV. Widina Media Utama.

Komnas Perempuan. (2022, March). Bayang-bayang stagnansi: Daya pencegahan dan penanganan berbanding peningkatan jumlah, ragam dan kompleksitas kekerasan berbasis gender terhadap perempuan. https://komnasperempuan.go.id/siaran-pers-detail/peringatan-hari-perempuan-internasional-2022-dan-peluncuran-catatan-tahunan-tentang-kekerasan-berbasis-gender-terhadap-perempuan

Lippus, H., Laanpere, M., Part, K., Ringmets, I., & Karro, H. (2020). What do we know about the impact of sexual violence on health and health behaviour of women in Estonia? BMC Public Health, 20(1). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12889-020-09953-2

Loya, R. M. (2015). Rape as an economic crime: The impact of sexual violence on survivors’ employment and economic well-being. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 30(16), 2793–2813. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260514554291

Lukasse, M., Henriksen, L., Vangen, S., & Schei, B. (2012). Sexual violence and pregnancy-related physical symptoms. BMC Pregnancy and Childbirth, 12(1), 83. https://doi.org/10.1186/1471-2393-12-83

Maglione, G. (2022). Restorative justice policy in context: A legal-archaeological analysis. International Journal for the Semiotics of Law, 35(2). https://doi.org/10.1007/s11196-020-09747-0

Martin, S. L., Macy, R. J., & Young, S. K. (2011). Health and economic consequences of sexual violence. In Violence against women and children, Vol 1: Mapping the terrain. (pp. 173–195). American Psychological Association. https://doi.org/10.1037/12307-008

McLaughlin, H., Uggen, C., & Blackstone, A. (2012). Sexual harassment, workplace authority, and the paradox of power. American Sociological Review, 77(4), 625–647. https://doi.org/10.1177/0003122412451728

Mustaffa, C. S. B., Soh, C. H. C., Talib, Z. A., & Muda, S. (2021). Lens application of social construction theory and social influence theory to examine the factors of WhatsApp usage as an organizational communication medium. Jurnal Komunikasi: Malaysian Journal of Communication, 37(4), 343–365. https://doi.org/10.17576/JKMJC-2021-3704-20

Nazeri, M., & Dhanapal, S. (2019). Restorative Justice: an Alternative Process for Solving Juvenile Crimes in Indonesia. Brawijaya Law Journal, 6(2). https://doi.org/10.21776/ub.blj.2019.006.02.03

Purwanti, A., & Zalianti, M. (2018). Strategi penyelesaian tindak kekerasan seksual terhadap perempuan dan anak melalui RUU Kekerasan Seksual . Masalah-Masalah Hukum, 47(2), 138. https://doi.org/10.14710/mmh.47.2.2018.138-148

Rahardjo, S. (2009). Hukum progresif: Sebuah sintesa hukum Indonesia. Genta Publishing.

Schneider, A., & Sidney, M. (2009). What is next for policy design and social construction theory? Policy Studies Journal, 37(1). https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1541-0072.2008.00298.x

Sigurdardottir, S., & Halldorsdottir, S. (2021). Persistent suffering: The serious consequences of sexual violence against women and girls, their search for inner healing and the significance of the #Metoo Movement. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 18(4), 1849. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph18041849

Simanjuntak, E. (2019). Peran yurisprudensi dalam sistem hukum di Indonesia. Jurnal Konstitusi, 16(1), 83–104. https://doi.org/10.31078/jk1615

Smith, S. G., Zhang, X., Basile, K. C., Merrick, M. T., Wang, J., Kresnow, M., & Chen, J. (2018). The National Intimate Partner and Sexual Violence Survey (NISVS): 2015 Data Brief – Updated Release.

Suhariyanto, B. (2015). Eksistensi pembentukan hukum oleh hakim dalam dinamika politik legislasi di Indonesia. Jurnal Rechts Vinding: Media Pembinaan Hukum Nasional, 4(3), 413–4309. https://doi.org/10.33331/rechtsvinding.v4i3.14

Suzuki, M., & Jenkins, T. (2022). The role of (self-)forgiveness in restorative justice: Linking restorative justice to desistance. European Journal of Criminology, 19(2). https://doi.org/10.1177/1477370819895959




DOI: https://doi.org/10.21831/jc.v19i2.52631

Refbacks

  • There are currently no refbacks.


Copyright (c) 2022 Jurnal Civics: Media Kajian Kewarganegaraan

Creative Commons License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

Our journal indexed by:

                     

Supported by:

RJI Main logo

 

Jurnal Civics Media Kajian Kewarganegaraan is published by Univesitas Negeri Yogyakarta in collaboration with Indonesia Association Profession of Pancasila and Civic Education/Asosiasi Profesi Pendidikan Pancasila dan Kewarganegaraan (AP3KnI).


Creative Commons License

Jurnal Civics is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.

 

j.civics stat