Determinants of Stunting Among Children Aged 0-59 Months in Purwokerto Wetan: A Case-Control Study

Abstract

Introduction: Stunting remains a public health problem that can affect children’s growth and development in the long term. The occurrence of stunting is influenced by multiple factors, including maternal, child-related, socioeconomic, and environmental factors. Purwokerto Wetan is one of the areas with a relatively high prevalence of stunting. This study aimed to identify the risk factors associated with stunting among children aged 0–59 months in this area. Method: This study used an observational analytic design with a case-control approach. A total of 156 subjects were included, consisting of 52 stunted children and 104 non-stunted children. Data were collected through structured interviews and secondary data sources. Data analysis was conducted using univariate analysis, bivariate analysis (Chi-square), and multivariate analysis (multiple logistic regression). Result: Multivariate analysis showed that maternal MUAC during pregnancy was significantly associated with stunting (OR = 3.247; p-value = 0.027). The role of cadre in stunting screening was also significantly associated with stunting (OR = 3.172; p-value = 0.005). Other variables, including maternal education, ANC visit, birth weight, feeding practices, sanitation, personal hygiene, access to health information, utilization of posyandu ILP, and family income, were not significantly associated after adjustment. Conclusion: Maternal MUAC during pregnancy and the role of cadre are key determinants of stunting. Strengthening maternal nutrition interventions and community-based screening is necessary to reduce the prevalence of stunting.