Strengthening Waste-Care Culture Through School–Community Synergy: A Quasi-Experimental Model
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Background: Indonesia's 2025 SIPSN data show 24.8 million tonnes of annual waste, of which 65.51% remains unmanaged—dominated by food waste (40.76%) and plastics (20.49%). Closing this gap requires behavioural change at the school and household level, not merely additional infrastructure.
Objectives: This study examines whether an integrated school-education and community-empowerment intervention can move the three constitutive dimensions of waste-care culture—knowledge, attitude, and behaviour—within an eight-week cycle.
Method: A quasi-experimental one-group pretest–posttest design was applied to simulated data covering 40 participants (20 students, 20 community members). The intervention comprised eight modules spanning waste literacy, school routine formation, waste-bank simulation, organic processing, social campaigns, and collaborative action. A 20-item five-point Likert questionnaire operationalised the three dimensions; analyses included paired samples t-test, Cohen's d_z, and normalized gain.
Result: Total scores rose from 67.18 (SD = 5.53) to 80.93 (SD = 9.87). The paired t-test yielded t(39) = 11.70; p < 0.001, with a 95% CI of 11.45–16.05 points. The effect size was very large ( = 1.85); class N-Gain reached 0.42 (medium category). Response heterogeneity (13 low, 19 medium, 8 high gainers) emerged as a substantive finding.
Conclusion: Education and community empowerment can be treated as a single change system; however, the single-group design and the simulated data require field verification with a control group before any generalisation can be made.
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