Email this article PERSPEKTIF MASYARAKAT JAWA TERHADAP PEMAKAIAN BAHASA NONVERBAL: STUDI KASUS ETNOPRAGMATIK
Abstract
Masyarakat Jawa memiliki perspektif tersendiri mengenai Bahasa nonverbal (BN) karena latar belakang budayanya. Kajian BN ini menggunakan teori etnopragmatik dengan metode deskriptif kualitatif. Sumber data adalah warga masyarakat Umbul Harja, Yogyakarta. Data berupa tuturan yang didukung BN. Tujuan penelitian adalah untuk mendeskripsikan wujud BN, fungsi BN, dan makna pragmatik BN. Teknik pengumpulan data dilakukan lewat observasi, wawancara, dan perekaman. sedang analisis data melalui langkah identifikasi data, klasifikasi, dan interpretasi. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan adalah sebagai berikut. (1) Wujud BN bahasa Jawa meliputi bahasa dinamis yang berupa gerakan kepala dan bagaian-bagiannya, gerakan tangan dan bagian-bagiannya; wujud BN statis meliputi postur tubuh, warna kulit, warna rambut, bentuk hidung, bentuk bibir, dan status social. (2) Fungsi BN adalah untuk menggerakkan, menyetujui, menolak, mengkritik, menyuruh, meminta, menjaga penampilan, memberi penekanan atas kepuasan, memberi ucapan selamat jalan, menunjukkan status sosial, dan menjaga kehormatan. (3) Makna pragmatik BN dinamis mencakup persetujuan, perintah halus, penolakan tidak langsung, penolakan langsung, senyuman lamis. Di pihak lain, BN statis makna pragmatiknya adalah menunjukkan status sosial, menjaga penampilan , memberi kritik secara tidak langsung, dan menyampaikan pujian.
Kata kunci: bahasa nonverbal, pragmatik, konteks, etnopragmatik
JAVANESE COMMUNITY PERSPECTIVES ON THE USE OF NONVERBAL LANGUAGE: A CASE STUDY OF ETNOPRAGMATICS
Abstract
Javanese people have their own perspectives on Non-verbal Language (NvL) because of their cultural backgrounds. This NvL study uses the ethnopragmatic theory in qualitative descriptive methods. Data sources are residents of the East Celeban community, Umbul Harja, Yogyakarta. Data are in the form of speech supported by NvL. The purpose of the study is to describe the form of NvL, the function of NvL, and the pragmatic meaning of NvL. Data are collected through observation, interviews, and recording. The data analysis steps include data identification, classification, and interpretation. The results of the study show that (1) the manifestation of the Javanese NvL includes dynamic languages, including head movements and parts and hand movements and parts. Static NvL manifestations include body posture, skin color, hair color, nose shape, lip shape, and social status; (2) NvL functions include moving, approving, refusing, criticizing, ordering, asking, maintaining appearance, emphasizing satisfaction, saying goodbye, showing social status, and maintaining honor; and (3) pragmatic meaning of dynamic NvL includes approval, subtle commands, indirect rejection, direct rejection, and dynamic smiles. Meanwhile, the static NvL pragmatic meaning is showing social status, maintaining appearance, giving criticism indirectly, and expressing praise.
Keywords: nonverbal language, pragmatics, context, ethnopragmaticsKeywords
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21831/ltr.v19i1.28873
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