Arduino and IoT-based LPG gas leak detection systems: a focused review of sensors, architectures, and reliability issues

Rinasa Agistya Anugrah; Faiz Bintang Adhidarma; Rico Satrio Hutama; Vitho Kevi Restu Maulana; Yusa Figar Winarno

doi:10.21831/jamat.v3i1.3035

Authors

Rinasa Agistya Anugrah Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Faiz Bintang Adhidarma Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Rico Satrio Hutama Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Vitho Kevi Restu Maulana Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Yusa Figar Winarno Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia

DOI:

https://doi.org/10.21831/jamat.v3i1.3035

Keywords:

LPG gas leak, Arduino, Internet of Things, MQ sensor, Safety monitoring

Abstract

Liquefied petroleum gas (LPG) leakage remains a major safety concern in households, restaurants, and micro, small, and medium enterprises because leaked combustible gas can accumulate rapidly and trigger fire or explosion. This paper presents a focused review of Arduino- and Internet of Things (IoT)-based LPG gas leak detection systems, emphasizing sensing technologies, embedded architectures, alert mechanisms, performance indicators, and reliability limitations. In response to reviewer concerns, the literature base was expanded from a small set of local prototype papers to more than fifty international peer-reviewed studies from Scopus-indexed journals and proceedings, covering metal oxide semiconductor sensors, MEMS gas sensors, wireless sensor networks, IoT security, low-power communication, signal processing, and TinyML-based gas detection. The synthesis shows that MQ-series sensors remain dominant in low-cost prototypes because of their availability and simple analog interface; however, their practical reliability is constrained by cross-sensitivity, humidity and temperature dependence, heater power consumption, aging, baseline drift, and insufficient calibration. IoT integration improves remote awareness through Wi-Fi, GSM, LoRa, Zigbee, or cloud dashboards. However, it also introduces latency, network outage, service availability, data integrity, and cybersecurity issues. Recent studies indicate that multi-sensor fusion, calibrated testing, edge intelligence, and reliability-oriented design provide a more credible pathway than threshold-based prototypes alone. Future LPG safety systems should therefore combine robust sensing, standardized performance reporting, local fail-safe alarms, secure IoT communication, energy-aware operation, ergonomic installation, and long-term field validation before large-scale household or industrial deployment.

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Author Biographies

Rinasa Agistya Anugrah, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Department of Automotive Engineering Technology, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Faiz Bintang Adhidarma, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Rico Satrio Hutama, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Vitho Kevi Restu Maulana, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

Yusa Figar Winarno, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia

Department of Electrical Engineering, Faculty of Engineering, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta

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