Multicultural counseling: The strategy of social fasilitator of post-conflict education and psychosocial guidance in multicultural society
Natri Sutanti, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Abstract
Unfortunately, multicultural problems manifested in patterns of thought, attitude, and behavior of intolerance are still seen in many societies over the past decade. It started to become common that certain groups attacked other ethnic and racial groups thereby causing conflict. This might be due to the handling of cases that are not ideal and appropriate, situations of intolerance, and social conflicts that have a wide impact, including causing psychological problems such as anxiety, hatred, violence, or depression. This study aimed to critically examine psychological coping strategies carried out in various countries to assist post-conflict victims with trauma, especially in multicultural societies. This study used an integrative review approach to analyze nine selected articles about psychological strategy and social education for post-conflict settings from 2010 to 2021 by reputable journals or publications. The results showed that the post-conflict victim handling strategy in various countries is carried out using psychosocial approaches and counseling/narrative therapy which are considered the most effective to help victims with trauma. Multicultural skills are an important part of post-conflict psychological handling, and hence is recommended multicultural counseling as a post-conflict psychological treatment and social education model is widely applied by societies with a high level of diversity.
Keywords
Full Text:
PDFReferences
Agustin, S. M. (2011). Bhinneka Tunggal Ika atau Bhineka Tunggal Ika (Sebuah Tinjauan Paradigma Klasik Ilmu Sosial dalam Keberagaman dan Persatuan di Indonesia). Konferensi Nasional Komunikasi" Membumikan Komunikasi Di Indonesia", 194-202.
Čehajić-Clancy, S., Goldenberg, A., Gross, J. J., & Halperin, E. (2016). Social-Psychological Interventions for Intergroup Reconciliation: An Emotion Regulation Perspective. Psychological Inquiry, 27(2), 73–88. https://doi.org/10.1080/1047840X.2016.1153945
Crombach, A., Wilker, S., Hermenau, K., Wieling, E., & Hecker, T. (2017). Treating and Preventing Psychological Trauma of Children and Adolescents in Post-Conflict Settings. In Evidence-Based Treatments for Trauma Related Disorders in Children and Adolescents (pp. 483–504). Springer International Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-3-319-46138-0_23
Ford, J. D., Grasso, D. J., Elhai, J. D., & Courtois, C. A. (2015). Social, cultural, and other diversity issues in the traumatic stress field. In Posttraumatic Stress Disorder (pp. 503–546). Elsevier. https://doi.org/10.1016/B978-0-12-801288-8.00011-X
Im, H., Jettner, J. F., Warsame, A. H., Isse, M. M., Khoury, D., & Ross, A. I. (2018). Trauma-Informed Psychoeducation for Somali Refugee Youth in Urban Kenya: Effects on PTSD and Psychosocial Outcomes. Journal of Child & Adolescent Trauma, 11(4), 431–441. https://doi.org/10.1007/s40653-017-0200-x
Johnson, E. K., & Chronister, J. (2010). Psychosocial Adjustment and Coping in the Post-conflict Setting. In Trauma Rehabilitation After War and Conflict (pp. 265–290). Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5722-1_12
Kirmayer, L. J. (2019). The Politics of Diversity: Pluralism, Multiculturalism and Mental Health. Transcultural Psychiatry, 56(6), 1119–1138. https://doi.org/10.1177/1363461519888608
Kurniawan, L., Sutanti, N., & Nuryana, Z. (2022). Symptoms of post-traumatic stress among victims of school bullying. International Journal of Public Health Science (IJPHS), 11(1), 263. https://doi.org/10.11591/ijphs.v11i1.20997
Maedl, A., Schauer, E., Odenwald, M., & Elbert, T. (2010). Psychological Rehabilitation of Ex-combatants in Non-Western, Post-conflict Settings. In Trauma Rehabilitation After War and Conflict (pp. 177–213). Springer New York. https://doi.org/10.1007/978-1-4419-5722-1_9
McKenney, K. S., Pepler, D. J., Craig, W. M., & Connolly, J. A. (2002). Psychosocial consequences of peer victimization in elementary and high school - an examination of posttraumatic stress disorder Symptomatology. In K. A. Kendall- Tackett & S. M. Giacomoni (Eds.), Child Victimization. Maltreatment, Bullying and Dating Violence, Prevention and Intervene (pp. 151–157). Civic Reserach Institute.
McMullen, J. D., O’Callaghan, P. S., Richards, J. A., Eakin, J. G., & Rafferty, H. (2012). Screening for traumatic exposure and psychological distress among war-affected adolescents in post-conflict northern Uganda. Social Psychiatry and Psychiatric Epidemiology, 47(9), 1489–1498. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00127-011-0454-9
Miller, K. E., & Rasmussen, A. (2010). War exposure, daily stressors, and mental health in conflict and post-conflict settings: Bridging the divide between trauma-focused and psychosocial frameworks. Social Science & Medicine, 70(1), 7–16. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.socscimed.2009.09.029
Morina, N., Malek, M., Nickerson, A., & Bryant, R. A. (2017). Psychological interventions for post-traumatic stress disorder and depression in young survivors of mass violence in low- and middle-income countries: Meta-analysis. British Journal of Psychiatry, 210(4), 247–254. https://doi.org/10.1192/bjp.bp.115.180265
Nesterko, Y., Jäckle, D., Friedrich, M., Holzapfel, L., & Glaesmer, H. (2020). Prevalence of post-traumatic stress disorder, depression and somatisation in recently arrived refugees in Germany: an epidemiological study. Epidemiology and Psychiatric Sciences, 29, e40. https://doi.org/10.1017/S2045796019000325
Ng, L. C., & Harerimana, B. (2016). Mental health care in post-genocide Rwanda: evaluation of a program specializing in posttraumatic stress disorder and substance abuse. Global Mental Health, 3, e18. https://doi.org/10.1017/gmh.2016.12
Rahman, A., Khan, M. N., Hamdani, S. U., Chiumento, A., Akhtar, P., Nazir, H., Nisar, A., Masood, A., Din, I. U., Khan, N. A., Bryant, R. A., Dawson, K. S., Sijbrandij, M., Wang, D., & van Ommeren, M. (2019). Effectiveness of a brief group psychological intervention for women in a post-conflict setting in Pakistan: a single-blind, cluster, randomised controlled trial. The Lancet, 393(10182), 1733–1744. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(18)32343-2
Saenz Galvis, D., & Carmona-Parra, J. A. (2021). Towards an understanding of Colombia’s demobilized young women: a person-centered approach. Person-Centered & Experiential Psychotherapies, 20(3), 250–265. https://doi.org/10.1080/14779757.2021.1938182
Smith, T. B., Lyon, R. C., & O’Grady, K. (2019). Integration or Separation? Addressing Religious and Spiritual Issues in Multicultural Counseling: A National Survey of College Counselors. Journal of College Counseling, 22(3), 194–210. https://doi.org/10.1002/jocc.12137
Snyder, H. (2019). Literature review as a research methodology: An overview and guidelines. Journal of Business Research, 104, 333–339. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbusres.2019.07.039
Souza, M. T. de, Silva, M. D. da, & Carvalho, R. de. (2010). Integrative review: what is it? How to do it? Einstein (São Paulo), 8(1), 102–106. https://doi.org/10.1590/s1679-45082010rw1134
Spring, J. (2017). The Intersection of Cultures. Routledge. https://doi.org/10.4324/9781351226301
Torraco, R. J. (2005). Writing Integrative Literature Reviews: Guidelines and Examples. Human Resource Development Review, 4(3), 356–367. https://doi.org/10.1177/1534484305278283
Tumonggor, M. K., Karafet, T. M., Hallmark, B., Lansing, J. S., Sudoyo, H., Hammer, M. F., & Cox, M. P. (2013). The Indonesian archipelago: an ancient genetic highway linking Asia and the Pacific. Journal of Human Genetics, 58(3), 165–173.
Williams, M., Malcoun, E., Sawyer, B., Davis, D., Nouri, L., & Bruce, S. (2014). Cultural Adaptations of Prolonged Exposure Therapy for Treatment and Prevention of Posttraumatic Stress Disorder in African Americans. Behavioral Sciences, 4(2), 102–124. https://doi.org/10.3390/bs4020102
Wilson, H. F. (2014). The Possibilities of Tolerance: Intercultural Dialogue in a Multicultural Europe. Environment and Planning D: Society and Space, 32(5), 852–868. https://doi.org/10.1068/d13063p
Yan, M. C., & Lam, C. M. (2000). Repositioning cross-cultural counseling in a multicultural society. International Social Work, 43(4), 481–493. https://doi.org/10.1177/002087280004300406
Yasmin, L., & Nurcahyani, E. (2020). Post-traumatic stress disorder as bullying consequence : Self-identity construction of a survivor in Jennifer Niven ’ s holding up the universe. Jurnal International Seminar on Languages, Literature, Art and Education, 2(1), 79–87.
DOI: https://doi.org/10.21831/progcouns.v3i1.49182
Refbacks
- There are currently no refbacks.
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
Supervised by:
Our journal indexed by:
ISSN 2722-6581 (print) || ISSN 2722-2012 (online)
ProgCouns Stats