SEMANTIC NETWORK OF THE WORD ASSOCIATION IN THE FIELD OF LAW

Arti Prihatini

doi:10.21831/ltr.v18i3.26513

SEMANTIC NETWORK OF THE WORD ASSOCIATION IN THE FIELD OF LAW

Arti Prihatini, Universitas Muhammadiyah Malang, Indonesia

10.21831/ltr.v18i3.26513

Abstract

Word association can be utilized for identifying semantic network and describing point of view and prior knowledge of someone. This study aims to discuss two focuses, (1) the categorization of response word and (2) language factors that form semantic networks from the response words of word association in the field of law. This research uses a qualitative approach which is a type of descriptive case study research. Data collection held by using a word association questionaire. Based on the word categorization, the results showed that the stimulus words in the form of nouns were the most responded by nouns, verbs were the most responded by nouns, while the adjectives were responded more by an adjectives. Overall, responses in the form of nouns are 64.71%, verbs are 17.70%, adjectives are 17.58%. The responses in the form of nouns are related to the semantic relations of argument and predication, while the adjective response tends to be related to other adjectives in the unity of the semantic network. The response words form semantic network based on language factors, namely (1) lexical factors that consist of meaning relationship, connotation of meaning, concreteness and abstractness and (2) grammatical factors that consist of syntagmatic-paradigmatic and predication-argument relationship.

Keywords: semantic network, word association, mental lexicon

Keywords

semantic network, word association, semantics, psycholinguistics

Full Text:

PDF

References

Amrullah, L. (2018). Semantic Prototypes of Indonesian Staple Foods. Litera, 17(2), 153-161. 10.21831/ltr.v17i2.14544

Anshori, D. S. (2018). Stigma Negatif Bahasa Korupsi dalam Pemberitaan Media Massa. Litera, 17(2), 162-174. 10.21831/ltr.v17i2.18581

Bahar, M., & Hansell, M. H. (2000). The Relationship between Some Psychological Factors and Their Effect on the Performance of Grid Questions and Word Association Tests. Educational Psychology, 20(3), 349–364. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/ 10.1080/713663739.

Bucklin, C. J., & Daniel, K. L. (2017). Using Word Associations as a Formative Assessment for Understanding Phylogenetics. The American Biology Teacher, 79(8), 668–670. https://abt.ucpress.edu/content/79/8/668.abstract.

Chomsky, N. (2012). Language and Mind Third Edition. Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.

Crutch, S. J., Williams, P., Ridgway, G. R., & Borgenicht, L. (2012). The Role of Polarity in Antonym and Synonym Conceptual Knowledge: Evidence from Stroke Aphasia and Multidimensional Ratings of Abstract Words. Neuropsychologia, 50(11), 2636–2644. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.neuropsychologia.2012.07.015.

De Hoop, H. (2009). On (In)animate Noun Phrases. In A. Giannakidou & M. Rathert (eds.), Quantification, Definiteness & Nominalization. Oxford: Oxford University Press.

Fernandez, E. M. dan Cairns, H. S. (2011). Fundamentals of Psycholinguistics. West Sussex: Wiley Blackwell.

Fisher, C., (2002). The Role of Abstract Syntactic Knowledge in Language Acquisition: A Reply to Tomasello (2000). Cognition, 82(3), 259-278. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0010-0277(01)00159-7.

Greenleaf, C., Starks, M., Gomez, L., Chambliss, H., & Martin, S. (2004). Weight-Related Words Associated with Figure Silhouettes. Body Image, 1(4), 373–384. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bodyim.2004.10.004.

Helbig, H. (2006). Knowledge Representation and The Semantics of Natural Language. Berlin: Springer.

Istifçi, I. (2010). Playing With Words: A Study on Word Association Responses. Uluslararası Sosyal Arastırmalar Dergisi (The Journal of International Social Research). 3(10), 360-368. http://www.sosyalarastirmalar.com/cilt3/sayi10pdf/istifci_ilknur.pdf .

Jackendoff, R. (2002). Foundations of Language: Brain, Meaning, Grammar, Evolution. New York: Oxford University Press.

Kostova, S. & Radoynovska, B. (2010). Motivating Students’ Learning Using Word Association Test and Concept Maps. Bulgarian Journal of Science and Education Policy (BJSEP), 4(1), 62-98. http://bjsep.org/getfile.php?id=66.

Kwong, Oi Yee. (2013). Exploring The Chinese Mental Lexicon with Word Association Norms. 27th Pacific Asia Conference on Language, Information, and Computation: 153-162. https://www.aclweb.org/anthology/Y13-1013.

Kuperberg, G. R., Kreher, D. A., Sitnikova, T., Caplan, D. N., & Holcomb, P. J. (2007). The Role of Animacy and Thematic Relationships in Processing Active English Sentences: Evidence from Event-Related Potentials. Brain and Language, 100(3), 223–237. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.bandl.2005.12.006.

Meara, P. M. (2009). Connected Words: Word Associations and Second Language Vocabulary Acquisition. Amsterdam, Philadelphia: John Benjamins Publishing.

Pecher, D. & Raaijmakers, J. G. W. (2004). Priming for New Associations in animacy decision: Evidence for Context Dependency. The Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology 57A (7), 1211-1231. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs /10.1080/02724980343000738.

Piantadosi, S. T.; Tily, H.; & Gibson, E. (2011). Reply to Reilly and Kean: Clarifications on Word Length and Information Content. Proceedings of the National Academy of Sciences,108 (20), E109–E109. https://www.pnas.org/content/108/20/E109.short.

Playfoot, D., Balint, T., Pandya, V., Parkes, A., Peters, M., & Richards, S. (2018). Are Word Association Responses Really the First Words that Come to Mind? Applied Linguistics 39 (5), 607-624. https://doi.org/10.1093/applin/amw015.

Prihatini, A., Sunaryo, S., & Nurchasanah, N. (2016). Perpindahan Frasa Nomina Penderita dalam Kalimat Pasif Monotransitif. Jurnal Pendidikan: Teori, Penelitian, dan Pengembangan, 1(5), 844-854.

Prihatini, A. (2018). Perpindahan Frasa Nomina Benefactive ke Argument-position dalam Kalimat Pasif Bitransitif pada Ragam Bahasa Lisan Anak Usia Prasekolah. Kembara, 4(2), 128-140.

Rapp, R. (2014). Using Word Familiarities and Word Associations to Measure Corpus Representativeness. In Proceedings of the Ninth International Conference on Language Resources and Evaluation (LREC-2014), Reykjavik, Iceland, 2029–2036. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/64cf/e349f87e985a51e30d5fcd5c9aac1de2ac54.pdf.

Reilly, J., Hung, J., & Westbury, C. (2016). Non-Arbitrariness in Mapping Word Form to Meaning: Cross-Linguistic Formal Markers of Word Concreteness. Cognitive Science, 41 (4): 1071–1089. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/full/10.1111/cogs.12361.

Singleton, D. 2000. Language and The Lexicon: An Introduction. London: Arnold.

Spiteri, L. F. (2005). Word Association Testing and Thesaurus Construction: A Pilot Study. Cataloging & Classification Quarterly 40(1), 55–78. https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/abs/10.1300/J104v40n01_05.

Steyvers, M. & Tenenbaum, J. B. (2005). The Large-Scale Structure of Semantic Networks: Statistical Analyses and A Model of Semantic Growth. Cognitive Science 29, 41-78. https://onlinelibrary.wiley.com/doi/abs/10.1207/s15516709cog2901_3.

Sukartiningsih, W. (2010). Konstruksi Semantis Kata pada Perkembangan Bahasa Indonesia Anak. Bahasa dan Seni, 38(2), 205-216.

Utsumi, Akira. (2015). A Complex Network Approach to Distributional Semantic Models. PLoS ONE, 10(8): e0136277. https://journals.plos.org/plosone/article?id=10.1371/ journal.pone.0136277.

Van Rensbergen, B., Storms, G., & De Deyne, S. (2015). Examining Assortativity in The Mental Lexicon: Evidence from Word Associations. Psychonomic Bulletin & Review, 22(6), 1717–1724. https://link.springer.com/article/10.3758/s13423-015-0832-5.

Yun, E. & Park, Y. (2018). Extraction of Scientific Semantic Networks from Science Textbooks and Comparison with Science Teachers’ Spoken Language by Text Network Analysis. International Journal of Science Education, https://www.tandfonline.com/doi/ abs/10.1080/09500693.2018.1521536.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21831/ltr.v18i3.26513