Penentuan sistem antrean dengan pertimbangan biaya dan kontrol kedatangan pasien: Studi kasus di Puskesmas Ungaran Semarang
Hanifa Reygina Fajrin, Department of Mathematics, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
Akhmad Sultoni, Department of Mathematics, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
Dwi Ertiningsih, Department of Mathematics, Universitas Gadjah Mada, Indonesia
Abstract
Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menentukan sistem antrean yang efektif dengan mempertimbangkan biaya dan kontrol kedatangan pasien pada fasilitas kesehatan: Puskesmas Ungaran, Semarang. Penelitian ini menggunakan data kuantitatif berupa waktu kedatangan pasien, waktu pelayanan pasien, jumlah pasien, dan jumlah pelayan. Tahapan-tahapan yang dilakukan dalam penelitian ini adalah menganalisis steady state dari sistem antrean, ukuran kinerja pada sistem antrean, keefektifan sistem antrean dengan pertimbangan biaya (cost), dan keefektifan sistem antrean dengan pertimbangan kontrol pada kedatangan pasien. Hasil analisis sistem antrean pada kedatangan pasien di loket pendaftaran, ruang dokter, dan loket apotek merupakan proses Poisson, sedangkan pelayanan pasien berdistribusi eksponensial. Jumlah pelayan dan biaya yang efektif pada masing-masing sistem antrean adalah dua pelayan dengan biaya Rp59.513 pada loket pendaftaran; empat pelayan dengan biaya Rp141.864 pada ruang dokter; dan satu pelayan dengan biaya Rp23.885 pada loket apotek. Rerata jumlah pasien dalam antrean dan sistem antrean masing-masing adalah dua pasien dan lima pasien. Rerata waktu pasien menunggu di dalam antrean maupun sistem antrean adalah 1,937 menit dan 8,883 menit. Lebih lanjut, ketika dilakukan kontrol pada kedatangan pasien, maka jumlah pasien yang diterima akan meningkat ketika biaya yang dibutuhkan puskesmas dalam menerima pasien diperbesar.
Determination of the queuing system by considering costs and patient arrival control: A case study at Puskesmas Ungaran Semarang
Abstract
The study aimed to determine an effective queuing system by considering costs and control of patient arrival at a health facility: Puskesmas Ungaran, Semarang, Indonesia. The study used quantitative data in patient arrival time, patient service time, number of patients, and number of servants. The stages carried out were analyzing the steady-state of the queuing system, performance measures of the queuing system, the effectiveness of the queuing system by considering costs, and the effectiveness of the queuing system by considering control of patient arrival. The result of the queuing system analysis at the arrival of the patient at the registration counter, doctor’s office, and pharmacy counter was a Poisson process, while patient service has an exponential distribution. The number of servants and costs in each of the effective queuing systems was two servants with costs 59,513 IDR at the registration counter; four servants with costs 141,864 IDR at the doctor’s office; and one servant with costs 23,885 IDR at the pharmacy counter. The average number of patients in the queue and queue system was two patients and five patients, respectively. The average time for patients to wait in the queue and queue system was 1.937 minutes and 8.883 minutes. Furthermore, when the patient arrival was controlled, the number of patients accepted will increase when the health center's costs to receive patients were increased.
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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21831/pg.v15i2.35403
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