Asesmen perilaku fungsional pada perilaku menyakiti diri sendiri anak autis di SLB Autisma Dian Amanah Yogyakarta

Dhea Ellyne Theodora; Aini Mahabbati

doi:10.21831/jpk.v15i1.28227

Asesmen perilaku fungsional pada perilaku menyakiti diri sendiri anak autis di SLB Autisma Dian Amanah Yogyakarta

Dhea Ellyne Theodora, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia
Aini Mahabbati, Universitas Negeri Yogyakarta, Indonesia

10.21831/jpk.v15i1.28227

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk mendeskripsikan perilaku menyakiti diri pada anak autis di SLB Autisma Dian Amanah Yogyakarta menggunakan prosedur asesmen perilaku fungsional. Penelitian difokuskan pada setting perilaku di sekolah, dengan pengumpulan data berupa antecedent, behavior, consequence, dan faktor mempengaruhi. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian kualitatif eksploratori. Subjek penelitian meliputi 2 siswa autis yaitu NKW dan AGS. Teknik pengumpulan data menggunakan observasi, wawancara, dan pengisian skala motivasi perilaku. Data dianalisis menggunakan deskriptif kualitatif yaitu dengan menyajikan data dalam bentuk naratif dan tabel. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan antecedent munculnya perilaku menyakiti diri berupa efek interaksi tidak menyenangkan, kebisingan verbal, kegiatan tidak disukai, cuaca panas, melihat benda tidak sesuai tempat, dan melihat objek ditakuti. Consequence perilaku berupa mendapat sensasi menyenangkan pada indera (sensory), terhindar dari tugas atau kegiatan (escape), maupun mendapat perhatian (attention). Faktor yang dapat mempengaruhi perilaku berupa kemampuan komunikasi ekspresi yang rendah, pengkonsumsian obat-obatan, pola tidur tidak teratur, serta level autismenya.

Keywords

Menyakiti Diri, Anak Autis, Asesmen Perilaku Fungsional

Full Text:

PDF

References

Alsa, A. (2007). Pendekatan Penelitian Kualitatif & Kuantitatif serta Kombinasinya dalam Penelitian Psikologi. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Belajar.

Arifin, Z. (2011). Penelitian Pendidikan. Bandung: PT Remaja Rosdakarya.

Association, A. P. (2013). Diagnostic And Statistical Manual of Mental Disorder Edition “DSM-5”. Washinton DC: American Psychiatric Publishing.

Azwandi, Y. (2005). Mengenal dan Membantu Penyandang Autisme. Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan Nasional.

Buck, T. (2017). Aggression and self injurious behaviors: the effects of behavior interventions in young adults with autism spectrum disorder. Rowan: Theses and Dissertations. 2477. Rowan University Rowan Digital Works.

Conterio, K., & Lader, W. (2014). Self-Injurious Behaviors. Diakses pada 30 Januari 2019, dari Mental Health America of Illinois (MHAI): http://www.mhai.org

Danuatmaja, B. (2003). Terapi Anak Autis di Rumah. Jakarta: Puspa Swara.

Durand, V., & Crimmins , D. (1988). Identifying the Variables Maintaining Self-Injurious Behavior. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, Vol. 18, No. 1(Vol. 18, No. 1).

Emzir. (2011). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif : Analisis Data. Jakarta: PT. RajaGrafindo Persada.

Excellence, N. I. (2004). Autism in Children, Young People and Adults.

Freeman, R. (n.d.). Functional Behavioral Assessment. Diakses pada 29 Januari 2019, dari University of Kansa: http://www.specialconnections.ku.edu

Gresham, F., Watson, T., & Skinner, C. (2001). Functional Behavioral Assessment: Principles, Procedures, and Future Directions. School Psychology Review. 30.2 (Spring 2001): p156., Volume 30(No. 2), 156-172.

Gurney, E., & Iseri, E. (2013). Genetic and Environmental Factors in Autism. 321-339.

Hadaway, S., & Brue, A. (2016). Practitioner’s Guide to Functional Behavioral Assessment, Autism and Child Psychopathology Series. Springer International Publishing Switzerland, 9-21.

Hallahan, D., Kauffman, J., & Pullen, P. (2009). Exceptional Learners: an Introduction to Special Education (11th ed). United States of America: Pearson International Edition.

Iskandar. (2009). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Jakarta: Gaung Persada (GP Press).

Loman, S., & Borgmeier, C. (2015). Practical FBA Participant’s Guide. Portland: Portland State University.

Love, J., Carr, J., & Leblanc, L. (2009). Functional Assessment of Problem Behavior in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders: A Summary of 32 Outpatient Cases. J Autism Dev Disord, 39: 363–372.

McCorkle, S., & College, L. (2011). Decreasing Self-Injurious Behaviors in Children with Autism Spectrum Disorders. Decreasing Self-Injurious Behaviors In Children With Asd, 1-15.

Midlands, A. W. (2016). Autism and Menyakiti diri. Diakses pada 28 Januari 2019, dari http://www.autismwestmidlands.org.uk

Miles, M., & Huberman, A. (1992). Analisis Data Kualitatif. (T. R. Rohidi, Trans.) Jakarta: UI Press.

Miltenberger, R. (2009). Behavior Modification: Principle and Procedures. Canada: PreMedia Global.

Minshawi, N., Hurwitz, S., Fodstad, J., Biebl, S., Morriss, D., & McDoughle, C. (2014). The association between self-injurious behaviors and autism spectrum disorders. Psychology Research Behavioral Management, 125–136.

Moedzakir, D. (2010). Desain dan model penelitian kualitatif. Malang: FIP UNM.

Moleong, L. J. (2009). Metodologi Penelitian Kualitatif. Bandung: PT. Remaja Rosdakarya Offset.

Muwakhidah. 2014. Functional Behavior Assessment. Surabaya: UNIPA Surabaya

Neitzel, J., & Bogin, J. (2008). Steps for Implementation: Functional Behavior Assessment. Chapel Hill, NC: The National Professional Development Center on Autism Spectrum Disorders, Frank Porter Graham Child Development Institute, The University of North Carolina.

Pamuji. (2007). Model Terapi Terpadu Bagi Anak Autisme. Jakarta: Departemen Pendidikan Nasional.

Philadelphia, T. C. (2014). Self Injurious Behavior. UK, Philadelphia.

Ravensberg, H., & Blakely, A. (2015). When to use Functional Behavioral Assessment?A State-by-State Analysis of the Law. Diakses pada Januari 26, 2019, from OSEP Technical Assistance Center on Positive Behavioral Interventions and Supports: www.pbis.org.

Richards, C., Davies, L., & Oliver, C. (2017). Predictors of Self-Injurious Behavior and SelfRestraint in Autism Spectrum Disorder: Towards a Hypothesis of Impaired Behavioral. Journal of Autism and Developmental Disorders, 1-13.

Sastry, A., & Aguirre, B. (2014). Parenting Anak dengan Autisme. Yogyakarta: Pustaka Pelajar.

Shippen, M., Simpson, R., & Crites, S. (2003). A Practical guide to Functional Behavior Assessment. Teaching Exceptional Children, 37.

Soares, D. V. (2009). Computer aided self-monitoring to increase academic production and reduce self-injurious behavior in a child with autism. Behavioral Interventions, 171-183.

Soke, G. N., Rosenberg, S. A., Rosenberg, C. R., Vasa, R., Lee, L.-C., & DiGuiseppi, C. (2018, Juli). Self-injurious behaviors in children with autism spectrum disorder enrolled in the Study to Explore Early Development. 1-20.

Stage, S. A. (2000). The Validity Functional Behavior Assessment with Student of Average Intellectual Ability. Canadian Journal of School Psychology, Volume 15, Number 2 , 67-84.

Sugai, G., Palmer, T. L., & Burke, S. H. (2000). Overview of the Functional Behavioral Assessment Process. EXCEPTIONALITY , 8 (3), 149–160.

Sugiyono. (2017). Metode Peelitian Kuantitatif, Kualitatif, dan R&D. Bandung: ALFABETA.

Sukardi. (2011). Metodologi Pemenelitian Pendidikan: Kompetensi dan Praktiknya. Jakarta: Bumi Aksara.

Suteja, J. (2014, Januari-Juni ). Bentuk dan Metode Terapi Terhadap Anak Autisme Akibat Bentukan Sosial. Jurnal Edueksos, Vol III No 1, 119-133.

Waguespack, A., Vaccaro, T., & Conti, L. (2006). Functional behavior Assessment and Intervention withEmotional/Behaviorally Disordered Students: In Pursuit of State of the Art. International Journal of Behavioral Consultation and Therapy, Volume 2, No. 4, 463-474.

DOI: https://doi.org/10.21831/jpk.v15i1.28227