Perkembangan Motorik Kasar Anak Usia Dini Melalui Permainan Aktivitas Fisik: A Literature Review

Authors

  • Astri Purwanti Universitas Negeri Padang

Keywords:

Aktivitas fisik, perkembangan motorik kasar, anak usia dini, keterampilan motorik, permainan fisik

Abstract

Pertumbuhan motorik kasar pada anak usia dini sangat dipengaruhi oleh bermacam aspek, salah satunya merupakan aktivitas fisik. Aktivitas fisik yang mengaitkan gerakan tubuh besar semacam berlari, melompat, merangkak, serta bermain olahraga bisa memicu perkembangan otot serta koordinasi tubuh anak. Riset ini bertujuan buat menganalisis pengaruh aktivitas fisik terhadap pertumbuhan motorik kasar anak usia dini bersumber pada tinjauan literatur yang ada. Bersumber pada hasil kajian literatur, aktivitas fisik yang terstruktur ataupun yang bersifat bebas membagikan kontribusi signifikan dalam tingkatkan kemampuan motorik kasar anak, tercantum keseimbangan, kekuatan, ketangkasan, serta koordinasi tubuh. Tidak cuma itu, permainan fisik yang mengaitkan interaksi sosial juga terbukti menunjang pertumbuhan sosial serta emosional anak. Sebagian tipe permainan seperti berlari, bermain bola, serta permainan yang mengaitkan aktivitas fisik kelompok menampilkan hasil yang baik dalam meningkatkan keterampilan motorik kasar. Oleh sebab itu, penting untuk orang tua, pendidik, serta pihak terkait untuk menyediakan area yang menunjang serta memperkenalkan anak pada bermacam tipe aktivitas fisik yang cocok dengan umur mereka. Riset ini merumuskan kalau peningkatan frekuensi serta keseriusan aktivitas fisik bisa memesatkan serta tingkatkan mutu pertumbuhan motorik kasar pada anak usia dini, yang pada gilirannya menunjang perkembangan holistik anak.

References

Abusleme-Allimant, R., Hurtado-Almonacid, J., Reyes-Amigo, T., Yáñez-Sepúlveda, R., Cortés-Roco, G., Arroyo-Jofré, P., & Páez-Herrera, J. (2023). Effects of structured and unstructured physical activity on gross motor skills in preschool students to promote sustainability in the physical education classroom. Sustainability, 15(13), 10167.

Alivandidarani, M., Kordi, H., & Molanorouzi, K. (2024). The Effect of Aquatic Training on Social-Emotional Skills and Gross Motor Development of Children Aged 3 to 6 Years. 16.

Barbosa, B. T., Silva, R. L. S. da, Meneses, A. B. C. de, Brindeiro-Neto, W., Bacurau, T. P., Rocha, A. I. S. de S., Souza, L. I. S. de, & Brasileiro-Santos, M. do S. (2019). Self-related quality of life of elderly submitted to a 12-week aquatic training program. https://doi.org/10.14198/jhse.2019.142.03

Bí¼rgi, F., Meyer, U., Granacher, U., Schindler, C., Marques-Vidal, P., Kriemler, S., & Puder, J. J. (2011). Relationship of physical activity with motor skills, aerobic fitness and body fat in preschool children: a cross-sectional and longitudinal study (Ballabeina). International Journal of Obesity, 35(7), 937–944.

Cameron, C. E., Cottone, E. A., Murrah, W. M., & Grissmer, D. W. (2016). How are motor skills linked to children's school performance and academic achievement? Child Development Perspectives, 10(2), 93–98. https://doi.org/10.1111/cdep.12168

Cohen, E. J., Bravi, R., & Minciacchi, D. (2018). The effect of fidget spinners on fine motor control. Scientific Reports, February, 1–9. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-018-21529-0

Cook, C. J., Howard, S. J., Scerif, G., Twine, R., Kahn, K., Norris, S. A., & Draper, C. E. (2019). Associations of physical activity and gross motor skills with executive function in preschool children from low"income South African settings. Developmental Science, 22(5), e12820. https://doi.org/10.1111/desc.12820

Dapp, L. C., Gashaj, V., & Roebers, C. M. (2021). Physical activity and motor skills in children: A differentiated approach. Psychology of Sport and Exercise, 54, 101916.

David, B., & Gbenga, J. (2014). Role of physical activity and motor learning in child development. Journal of Nigeria Association of Sports Science and Medicine, 15(1), 239–247.

Engel, A. C., Broderick, C. R., van Doorn, N., Hardy, L. L., & Parmenter, B. J. (2018). Exploring the relationship between fundamental motor skill interventions and physical activity levels in children: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 48, 1845–1857.

Ericsson, I., & Karlsson, M. K. (2011). Effects of increased physical activity and motor training on motor skills and self-esteem. International Journal of Sport Psychology, 42, 461–479.

Eyre, E. L. J., Clark, C. C. T., Tallis, J., Hodson, D., Lowton-Smith, S., Nelson, C., Noon, M., & Duncan, M. J. (2020). The effects of combined movement and storytelling intervention on motor skills in South Asian and white children aged 5–6 years living in the United Kingdom. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 17(10), 3391.

Ghassabian, A., Sundaram, R., Bell, E., Bello, S. C., Kus, C., & Yeung, E. (2016). Gross motor milestones and subsequent development. Pediatrics, 138(1), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2015-4372

Hall, M. L., Hall, W. C., & Caselli, N. K. (2019). Deaf children need language, not (just) speech. First Language, 39(4), 367–395. https://doi.org/10.1177/014272371983410

Hastie, P. A., & Wallhead, T. (2016). Models-based practice in physical education: The case for sport education. Journal of Teaching in Physical Education, 35(4), 390–399. https://doi.org/10.1123/jtpe.2016-0092

Hirata, S., Kita, Y., Yasunaga, M., Suzuki, K., Okumura, Y., Okuzumi, H., Hosobuchi, T., Kokubun, M., Inagaki, M., & Nakai, A. (2018). Applicability of the Movement Assessment Battery for Children-Second Edition (MABC-2) for Japanese children aged 3-6 years: A preliminary investigation emphasizing internal consistency and factorial validity. Frontiers in Psychology, 9(AUG), 1–9. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2018.01452

Jain, P. D., Nayak, A., Karnad, S. D., & Doctor, K. N. (2022). Gross motor dysfunction and balance impairments in children and adolescents with Down syndrome: a systematic review. Clinical and Experimental Pediatrics, 65(3), 142–149. https://doi.org/10.3345/cep.2021.00479

Jones, D., Innerd, A., Giles, E. L., & Azevedo, L. B. (2020). Association between fundamental motor skills and physical activity in the early years: A systematic review and meta-analysis. Journal of Sport and Health Science, 9(6), 542–552.

Lelong, M., Zysset, A., Nievergelt, M., Luder, R., Gí¶tz, U., Schulze, C., & Wieber, F. (2021). How effective is fine motor training in children with ADHD? A scoping review. BMC Pediatrics, 21(1), 1–21. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12887-021-02916-5

Mahmud, B. (2019). Urgensi stimulasi kemampuan motorik kasar pada anak usia dini. DIDAKTIKA: Jurnal Kependidikan, 12(1), 76–87. https://doi.org/10.30863/didaktika.v12i1.177

Meylia, K. N., Siswati, T., Paramashanti, B. A., & Hati, F. S. (2020). Fine motor , gross motor , and social independence skills among stunted and non-stunted children. Early Child Development and Care, 0(0), 1–8. https://doi.org/10.1080/03004430.2020.1739028

Muhoozi, G. K. M., Atukunda, P., Diep, L. M., Mwadime, R., Kaaya, A. N., Skaare, A. B., Willumsen, T., Westerberg, A. C., & Iversen, P. O. (2018). Nutrition, hygiene, and stimulation education to improve growth, cognitive, language, and motor development among infants in Uganda: A cluster-randomized trial. Maternal and Child Nutrition, 14(2), 1–11. https://doi.org/10.1111/mcn.12527

Mukhlisa, N., & Kurnia, selia dwi. (2020). Penerapan permainan papan titian dalam mengembangkan motorik kasar pada anak usia dini. Educhild, 2(1), 65–75.

Oskar, G., & Caflisch, J. (2019). A quick and qualitative assessment of gross motor development in preschool children. 178, 565–573.

Pan, C.-Y., Tsai, C.-L., Chu, C.-H., Sung, M.-C., Huang, C.-Y., & Ma, W.-Y. (2019). Effects of physical exercise intervention on motor skills and executive functions in children with ADHD: A pilot study. Journal of Attention Disorders, 23(4), 384–397.

Schmutz, E. A., Leeger-Aschmann, C. S., Kakebeeke, T. H., Zysset, A. E., Messerli-Bí¼rgy, N., Stí¼lb, K., Arhab, A., Meyer, A. H., Munsch, S., & Puder, J. J. (2020). Motor competence and physical activity in early childhood: stability and relationship. Frontiers in Public Health, 8, 39.

Siega, J., Iucksch, D. D., Da Silva, A. Z., Zotz, T. G. G., & Israel, V. L. (2021). Parkinson's disease and multicomponent aquatic exercise: effects on motor aspects, functional mobility, muscle function and aquatic motor skills. Journal of Bodywork and Movement Therapies, 27, 314–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jbmt.2021.03.021

Sí¶ntgerath, R., & Eckert, K. (2015). Impairments of Lower Extremity Muscle Strength and Balance in Childhood Cancer Patients and Survivors: A Systematic Review. Pediatric Hematology and Oncology, 32(8), 585–612. https://doi.org/10.3109/08880018.2015.1079756

Surya, P. A., Widodo, A., & Fis, S. (2016). Pengaruh Bermain Papan Titian terhadap Keseimbangan Anak Usia 5-6 Tahun. Universitas Muhammadiyah Surakarta.

Suryadi, D., Nasrulloh, A., Yanti, N., Akbar Fauzan, L., Wara Kushartanti, B., Suhartini, B., Swasta Budayati, E., Intan Arovah, N., Anggara Suganda, M., Sutapa, P., Meera bin Abdullah, N., & Fauziah, E. (2024). Stimulation of motor skills through game models in early childhood and elementary school students: systematic review in Indonesia Estimulación de las habilidades motrices mediante modelos de juego en alumnos de educación infantil y primaria: revisión sist. Retos, 51, 1255–1261. https://recyt.fecyt.es/index.php/retos/index

Utesch, T., Bardid, F., Bí¼sch, D., & Strauss, B. (2019). The relationship between motor competence and physical fitness from early childhood to early adulthood: a meta-analysis. Sports Medicine, 49, 541–551.

Veldman, S. L. C., Jones, R. A., & Okely, A. D. (2016). Efficacy of gross motor skill interventions in young children: An updated systematic review. BMJ Open Sport and Exercise Medicine, 2(1), 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1136/bmjsem-2015-000067

Veldman, S. L. C., Santos, R., Jones, R. A., Sousa-Sá, E., & Okely, A. D. (2019). Associations between gross motor skills and cognitive development in toddlers. Early Human Development, 132, 39–44.

Webster, E. K., & Ulrich, D. A. (2017). Evaluation of the psychometric properties of the Test of Gross Motor Development-third edition. Journal of Motor Learning and Development, 5(1), 45–58. https://doi.org/10.1123/jmld.2016-0003

Wijaya, R. G., Sabillah, M. I., Annasai, F., Sella, E., & Fitri, M. (2024). The effect of playing playdough and collage on improving fine motor skills in early childhood in terms of independence El efecto de jugar plastilina y collage en la mejora de las habilidades motoras finas en la primera infancia en términos de independenci. 2041, 1146–1152.

Zeng, N., Ayyub, M., Sun, H., Wen, X., Xiang, P., & Gao, Z. (2017). Effects of physical activity on motor skills and cognitive development in early childhood: a systematic review. BioMed Research International, 2017(1), 2760716.

Downloads

Published

2025-10-10

How to Cite

Purwanti, A. (2025). Perkembangan Motorik Kasar Anak Usia Dini Melalui Permainan Aktivitas Fisik: A Literature Review. Jurnal Pendidikan Dasar Dan Aktifitas Jasmani, 4(2), 1–10. Retrieved from https://journal.uny.ac.id/index.php/jpdaj/article/view/81295

Issue

Section

Articles