Spatial distribution and risk factors for hypertension among the elderly in Central Java Province

Abstract

This study examines the spatial distribution of hypertension among elderly populations in Central Java and the contributing risk factors using 2023 Indonesia Health Survey data. The research employed descriptive analysis to illustrate hypertension prevalence, logistic regression to identify risk factors, and spatial mapping with the Hypertension Health Index (IKH) to explore geographic risk patterns. Results indicate regional variations with high-prevalence clusters in urban and coastal areas, influenced by biological, socio-economic, and behavioral factors, including gender, education, physical activity, and dietary habits. High IKH values were observed in areas with significant combined risk factors, while urban regions showed high prevalence but lower IKH due to mitigating factors. These findings highlight the importance of area-based health interventions, including nutrition education, early detection, and community-based physical activities for the elderly, alongside enhanced risk monitoring in urban settings