PERFORMANCE EVALUATION OF THE TRUCK TIRE MOUNTING PROCESS BASED ON WORK TIME AND PHYSIOLOGICAL WORKLOAD
Keywords:
Tire mounting tool, Ergonomics, Mounting time, Heart rate, Cardiovascular loadAbstract
Truck tire mounting is a manual, physically demanding activity that can impose a physiological load on workers. Previous research has led to the development of a truck tire mounting tool based on an ergo-mechanical approach that accounts for workers' anthropometric characteristics. This study aims to evaluate the performance of a newly developed tool by comparing a conventional method with the method using the new tool, based on installation time and workers' physiological responses. Testing was conducted on five male workers, comparing installation time, heart rate change (ΔHR), and Cardiovascular Load (%CVL) between the two methods. The magnitude of the difference between the two conditions was also evaluated using Cohen's dz effect size for paired data. The results show that the mean setup time decreased from 4.08 to 2.92 minutes, a reduction of 28.48%. The mean ΔHR decreased from 31.8 to 15.8 bpm (a 50.3% reduction), while the mean %CVL decreased from 26.34% to 13.06% (a 50.42% reduction). Effect size analysis reveals consistent differences between the two methods regarding installation time, ΔHR, and %CVL. The study results indicate that using the new tool could improve the efficiency of the tire installation process while reducing workers' cardiovascular response. However, the limited number of subjects means that the results of this study need to be viewed as initial experimental evidence and cannot be generalised to a wider working population.
References
Adhaye, A. M., Jolhe, D. A., Loyte, A. R., Devarajan, Y., & Thanappan, S. (2023). Biomechanical investigation of tasks concerning manual materials handling using response surface methodology. Scientific Reports, 13, 16718. https://doi.org/10.1038/s41598-023-43645-2
Ahmad, N., Radin Umar, Z., Halim, I., & Safitri, D. M. (2025). Sheet metal manual handling aids: Effects of design differences on muscle activity and subjective assessment. IIUM Engineering Journal, 26(1), 480-494. https://doi.org/10.31436/iiumej.v26i1.3397
Dias, M., Silva, L., Folgado, D., Nunes, M. L., Cepeda, C., Cheetham, M., & Gamboa, H. (2023). Cardiovascular load assessment in the workplace: A systematic review. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 96, 103476. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2023.103476
Fatah, A. R. S., & Mahachandra, M. (2024). Penilaian dan analisis beban kerja fisik dengan metode cardiovascular load (CVL) dan workload analysis (WLA) pada divisi permesinan dan divisi pengelasan instalasi industri logam Semarang. Industrial Engineering Online Journal, 13(1).
Gervasi, R., Capponi, M., Mastrogiacomo, L., & Franceschini, F. (2023). Manual assembly and Human–Robot Collaboration in repetitive assembly processes: a structured comparison based on human-centered performances. The International Journal of Advanced Manufacturing Technology, 126, 1213-1231. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00170-023-11197-4
Hasibuan, C. F., Munte, S., & Lubis, S. B. (2021). Analisis pengukuran beban kerja dengan menggunakan Cardiovascular Load (CVL) pada PT. XYZ. Journal of Industrial and Manufacture Engineering, 5(1), 65-71. https://doi.org/10.31289/jime.v5i1.5054
Hilmi, A. H., Hamid, A. R. A, & Assyahid, W. A. R. (2024). Recent Advances in Ergonomic Studies on Material Handling: Mitigating Musculoskeletal Risks and Enhancing Worker Safety. Malaysian Journal of Ergonomics, 6(1), 52–64. https://doi.org/10.58915/mjer.v6.2024.1369
Hosseini, M. H., Heidarimoghaddam, R., Anbarian, M. Ilbeigi, S., & Tapak, L. (2024). Modeling heart rate of individual and team manual handling with one hand using generalized additive mixed models. BMC Med Res Methodol, 24, 37 (2024). https://doi.org/10.1186/s12874-024-02169-7
Kraft, A. M., Velasco Garrido, M., Herold, R., Harth, V., & Preisser, A. M. (2023). Physical workload and cardiopulmonary parameters in relation to individual capacity of bulk waste workers – a cross-sectional field-study. Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, 18, 29. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12995-023-00389-z
Lakens, D. (2013). Calculating and reporting effect sizes to facilitate cumulative science: A practical primer for t-tests and ANOVAs. Frontiers in Psychology, 4, 863. https://doi.org/10.3389/fpsyg.2013.00863
Marciniak, R. A., Tesch, C. J., & Ebersole, K. T. (2021). Heart rate response to alarm tones in firefighters. International Archives of Occupational and Environmental Health, 94, 783-789. https://doi.org/10.1007/s00420-020-01646-y
Morris, S. B., & DeShon, R. P. (2002). Combining effect size estimates in meta-analysis with repeated measures and independent-groups designs. Psychological Methods, 7(1), 105–125. https://doi.org/10.1037/1082-989X.7.1.105
Nuryawan, D. A., & Nurkertamanda, D. (2024). Rancangan material handling equipment (MHE) untuk mencegah gangguan otot dan rangka pada kegiatan palletizing kardus botol air minum menggunakan metode quality function deployment (QFD) dengan pendekatan ergonomi. Industrial Engineering Online Journal, 13(4).
Pandit, A. S. (2023). Physiological workload assessment with the help of heart rate and perceived exertion rating on handcart pullers of wholesale trade markets of Delhi. National Medical Journal of India, 36(2), 89-92. https://doi.org/10.25259/NMJI_855_20
Pahlepi, D., & Hadi, K. (2023). Measurement of employee workload at the loading ramp station using the CVL (Cardiovascular Load) method at PT. Socfindo Seunagan. Jurnal Inovasi Teknologi dan Rekayasa, 8(1), 59-64. https://doi.org/10.31572/inotera.Vol8.Iss1.2023.ID212
Pavlíková, E. A., Nevrkla, P., & Röhrich, M. (2024). Heart Rate Index as a Measure of Physical Workload in Chainsaw Operations. Applied Sciences, 14(24), 11483. https://doi.org/10.3390/app142411483
Ramadan, M. Z., & Alferdaws, F. F. (2022). Investigation of precision task demands on workers’ muscular activities, heart rate, and perceived exertion rating. WORK: A Journal of Prevention, Assessment & Rehabilitation, 72(4), 1443-1453. https://doi.org/10.3233/WOR-205151
Sammito, S., Thielmann, B., Klussmann, A. Deußen, A., Braumann, K. M., & Böckelmann, I. (2024). Guideline for the application of heart rate and heart rate variability in occupational medicine and occupational health science. Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, 19(15), 1-29. https://doi.org/10.1186/s12995-024-00414-9
Samosir, J., & Sofiyanurriyanti. (2022). Analisis beban kerja operator pada stasiun boiler menggunakan Cardiovascular Load (CVL) (Studi Kasus: PT. Socfindo Indonesia Perkebunan Seunagan). Jurnal Optimalisasi, 8(1), 119-124. https://doi.org/10.35308/jopt.v8i1.4680
Santos, L. A., Vanderlei, L. C. M., Garrigou, A., Pasquereau, P., & Messias, I. A. (2023). Physical load and heart rate behavior in workers in the slaughterhouse and meat packing industries. Revista Brasileira de Cineantropometria e Desempenho Humano, 25(1), e93577. https://doi.org/10.1590/1980-0037.2023V25E93577
Shakourisalim, M., Wang, X., Beltran Martinez, K., Golabchi, A., Krell, S., Tavakoli, M., & Rouhani, H. (2024). A comparative study of biomechanical assessments in laboratory and field settings for manual material handling tasks using extractor tools and exoskeletons. Frontiers in Bioengineering and Biotechnology, 12, 1358670. https://doi.org/10.3389/fbioe.2024.1358670
Sharma, N. Kr., Tiwari, M., Thakur, A., & Ganguli, A. K. (2025). Evaluating biomechanical risks in manual material handling: an ergonomic intervention approach. Ergonomics, 1–13. https://doi.org/10.1080/00140139.2025.2473678
Suranuntchai, N., & Chutima, P. (2023). Practical implementation of lean management techniques and ergonomic consideration to improve manual assembly process during the COVID-19 Crisis. Engineering Journal, 27(2), 29–43. https://doi.org/10.4186/ej.2023.27.2.29
Susana, I G. B., Aryadi, I G. A. K. C. A. W., & Jefry, H. (2026). Ergo-mechanical approach ofdesigningtruck tire installation tool for small workshops. Jurnal Dinamika Vokasional Teknik Mesin, 11(1), 1-13. https://doi.org/10.21831/dinamika.v11i1.93875
Turk, M., Šimic, M., Pipan, M., & Herakovič, N. (2022). Multi-Criterial Algorithm for the Efficient and Ergonomic Manual Assembly Process. International Journal of Environmental Research and Public Health, 19(6), 3496. https://doi.org/10.3390/ijerph19063496
Umer, W., Yu, Y., Antwi-Afari, M. F., Jue, L., Siddiqui, M. K., & Li, H. (2022). Heart rate variability based physical exertion monitoring for manual material handling tasks. International Journal of Industrial Ergonomics, 89, 103301. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.ergon.2022.103301
Wanke, E. M., Schmidt, M., Oremek, G., & Groneberg, D. A. (2020). Work related cardiovascular load in professional dance teachers – a pilot study. Journal of Occupational Medicine and Toxicology, 15(7), https://doi.org/10.1186/s12995-020-00257-0
Yasmin, A., Rizalmi, S. R., & Muqimuddin. (2023). Analisis beban kerja menggunakan Cardiovascular Load, konsumsi oksigen dan Heart Rate Variability pada karyawan bongkar muat. Journal of Manufacturing in Industrial Engineering & Technology, 2(1), 1-8. https://doi.org/10.30651/mine-tech.v2i1.18536
Downloads
Published
How to Cite
Issue
Section
Citation Check
License
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License.
Authors submitting a manuscript do so on the understanding that if accepted for publication, the copyright of the article shall be assigned to Jurnal Dinamika Vokasional Teknik Mesin
