Pengembangan instrumen pengukur higher order thinking skills matematika siswa SMA kelas X

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk menghasilkan instrumen pengukur higher order thinking skills (HOTS) matematika siswa kelas X yang valid dan reliabel, dan Untuk mengetahui kemampuan higher order thinking (HOT) matematika siswa kelas X dilihat dari hasil uji coba siswa. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian pengembangan dengan langkah-langkah meliputi: menyusun spesifikasi tes, menulis soal tes, menelaah soal tes, melakukan uji coba tes, menganalisis butir soal, memperbaiki tes, dan merakit tes. Uji coba instrumen dilakukan di kelas X pada tiga sekolah, yaitu SMAN 4 Kota Yogyakarta sebanyak empat kelas, SMAN 6 Kota Yogyakarta sebanyak dua kelas, dan SMAN 10 Kota Yogyakarta sebanyak dua kelas. Jumlah keseluruhan subjek uji coba sebanyak 169 siswa. Teknik dalam mengumpulkan data pada penelitian pengembangan ini adalah tes tertulis. Sedangkan instrumen pengumpulan datanya berupa soal uraian, pilihan ganda dan jawaban singkat. Instrumen yang terdiri dari 75 butir soal ini, diujicobakan sebanyak 46 butir soal. Instrumen yang diujicobakan dibagi menjadi tiga paket soal. Soal paket A sebanyak 15 butir, soal paket B sebanyak 16 butir, dan soal paket C sebanyak 15 butir. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa instrumen yang dibuat valid. Hal ini berdasarkan perhitungan yang menggunakan rumus Aiken, bahwa nilai V pada semua butir soal  0,3. Di samping itu, soal paket A dan paket B menghasilkan soal paket yang reliabel, dengan masing-masing nilai Cronbach's Alpha sebesar 0,738 dan 0,658. Sedangkan soal paket C tidak reliabel yang ditunjukkan dengan nilai Cronbach's Alpha sebesar 0,488. Hasil dari uji coba instrumen dapat disimpulkan bahwa kemampuan higher order thinking (HOT) matematika siswa kelas X kurang baik. Hal ini dapat diketahui dari nilai rata-rata hasil uji coba sebesar 26,38 dalam skala 100.

Kata Kunci: pengembangan instrumen, higher order thinking skills (HOTS), validitas, reliabilitas.

Developing an Instrument to Measure Higher Order Thinking Skills of Mathematics In Class X Senior High School

Abstract

This research aims to know an instrument to measure higher order thinking skills (HOTS) of mathematics of class X student which is valid and reliable, and to know the higher order thinking skills (HOTS) of mathematics of class X students seen from the trial test. This research was the development of instruments with steps: preparing test specifications, writing the items, reviewing the items, doing trial tests, analyzing the items, correcting the items, and arranging the items. The instruments trial was done in class X at three schools, that is SMAN 4 of Yogyakarta as many as four classes, SMAN 6 Yogyakarta as many as two classes, and SMAN 10 Yogyakarta as many as two classes. The total number of subjects tested was as many as 169 students. The technique in collecting data on this research is a test, while the data collection instruments in this research are essay, multiple choice and short-answer items. The instrument consists of 75 items, but only 46 items were tested. Instruments tested were divided into three packets. Packet test A totaling 15 items, packet test B totaling 16 items, and packet test C totaling 15 items. The research finding reveals that the instrument is valid. This is based on calculations of Aiken’s formula, that value of V for all items are less than 0.3. Besides it, packet test A and packet test B are reliable, with each value of Cronbach's Alpha are 0.738 and 0.658. But for packet test C is not reliable, because the value of Cronbach's Alpha is 0.488. The results of the test instrument can be concluded that the ability of higher order thinking (HOT) of mathematics of class X student is poor. It can be seen from the average value of the test results of 26.38 in the scale of 100.

Keywords: instrument development, higher order thinking skills (HOTS), validity, reliability.