Design and Development of an IoT-Based Electrical Distrubance Protection and Load Monitoring System using ESP32 Microcontroller

Abstract

The use of electrical energy in households requires an effective protection and monitoring system to ensure safety and efficiency. This research aims to design and develop an Internet of Things (IoT)-based electrical energy protection and monitoring system for household applications. The developed system integrates ESP32 microcontroller, PZEM-004T sensor for electrical parameters, DHT11 sensor for temperature, protection relay, alarm buzzer, and LCD as local interface. The research method includes the stages of requirements analysis, design, implementation, and iterative testing of the system until it meets the specified specifications. The results of the study show that the system successfully performs automatic protection with a response time of 5 seconds when a disturbance occurs, equipped with a manual reset feature. Monitoring tests showed high accuracy with error rates: temperature (1.68%), voltage (0.010%), current (0.1%), frequency (0.0018%), and power (0.2%). The system developed has proven to be effective in improving the safety and efficiency of the use of electrical energy on a household scale.