Occupational Accident Risk Control in Pier and Pier Head Work Using the Hierarchy Method (Case Study: Jakarta LRT Project Phase 1B)

Abstract

Purpose:

Transportation infrastructure construction has an elevated accident risk, with pier and pierhead work being a prime example. The objective of this research is to identify the hazards and risks associated with pier and pierhead work to minimize workplace accidents.

Methods/Design:

The study employed a qualitative descriptive method focusing on a case study of the Jakarta LRT Phase 1B project. Data were gathered through a literature review of journals, project-specific JSA (Job Safety Analysis) data, IBRP (Initial Business Risk Profile) data, method statements, and construction OHS (Occupational Health and Safety) regulations. Following the identification of hazards and risks in pier and pierhead work, a quantitative risk assessment was conducted by distributing a likelihood and severity assessment form to project QHSE personnel. Finally, risk control measures were proposed for the assessed risk levels using the HIRARC (Hazard Identification, Risk Assessment, and Risk Control) method.

Findings:

The identification results revealed 89 hazards and 99 risks in pier and pierhead work, including 15 extreme-category hazards, 48 high-category hazards, and 25 medium-category hazards. Based on the assessment, the pier and pierhead casting (concreting) phase carries the most extreme risk, with six identified hazards. The pier and pierhead formwork installation and dismantling phase has the highest number of high risks, with 19 identified hazards. Lastly, the pier and pierhead rebar (steel reinforcement) phase is categorized as having the highest number of medium risks, with 14 hazards found.

Practical implication:

Risk control measures were implemented following the hierarchy of control elimination, substitution, engineering controls, administrative controls, and the use of Personal Protective Equipment. This methodology was applied to ensure the effective and efficient prevention of hazards and risks in pier and pierhead work.