Tolerance of Earthworms (Eudrilus eugeniae) to 2,4-D Dimethyl Amine Herbicide
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21831/ijobi.v2i2.1055Keywords:
Eudrilus eugeniae, Herbicide, 2,4-D dimethyl amine , toleranceAbstract
The purpose of this study was to determine (1) the tolerance of earthworms (Eudrilus eugeniae) to the herbicide 2,4-D dimethyl amine, and (2) the response of increased biomass, behavior, and morphology of earthworms (Eudrilus eugeniae) when exposed to subletal doses of the herbicide 2,4-D dimethyl amine. This research is an experimental research conducted in two stages of research. The first stage to look at herbicide toxicity, includes LD50, upper threshold, and lower threshold. The second stage is a follow-up test study using a one-factor Complete Random Design (RAL) to determine the effect of subletal dose of LD50-48 hours on the increase in biomass, behavior, and morphology of earthworms (Eudrilus eugeniae). The object of the study is the earthworm (Eudrilus eugeniae) which already has a clitelum with a biomass of 25 grams for each treatment tank. Data analysis was carried out with Proit Analysis to determine the upper threshold, lower threshold, and LD50 value while the analysis of the difference in earthworm biomass from the treatment group was carried out using the One-Way ANOVA test at a significance level of 95%. The average treatment was further tested using the DMRT test in the SPSS version 24.0 program. The results showed that: (1) earthworm tolerance to the herbicide 2,4-D dimethyl amine, at the upper threshold value of 9996.014 ppm, the lower threshold of 3409.972 ppm, the LD50-48 hours of 9015.858 ppm which is practically non-toxic, (2) the response of earthworms (Eudrilus eugeniae) when exposed to subletal doses of the herbicide 2,4-D dimethyl amine herbicideIt is characterized by a reduced earthworm appetite, a shrinking body shape, and a decrease in biomass.
Downloads
References
Blakemore, R. J. (2015). Eco-taxonomic profile of an iconic vermicomposter the ‘African Nightcrawler’ earthworm, Eudrilus eugeniae (Kinberg, 1867). Jurnal African Invertebrates, 56(3), 527-548.
Chaudari, P. S. & Bhattacharjee, G. (2002). Capacity of various experimental diets to support biomass and reproduction of Perionyx excavates. Biopores Technol, 82, 147-150.
Dominguez, J., Edwards, C. A. & Ashby, J. (2001). Biology and population dynamics of Eudrilus eugeniae (Kinberg) (Oligochaeta) in cattle waste solid. Jurnal Pedobiologia, 1-15.
Edwards, C. A. & Bohlen, P. J. (1996). Biology and Ecology of Earthworms. London: Chapman and Hall.
Edwards, C. A. & Lofty, J. R. (1972). Biology of Earthworm. London: Chapman and Hall Ltd.
Gaupp-Berghausen, M., Hofer, M., Rewald, B., et al. (2015). Glyphosate-based herbicides reduce the activity and reproduction of earthworms and lead to increased soil nutrient concentrations. Scientific Reports, 5, 12886.
Gates, G. E. (1972). Burmese Earthworms. Transaction of the American Philocophical Society Independent Square, 62.
Haimi, J. (2000). Decomposer Animals and Bioremediation of Soils. Environmental Pollution, 107, 233-238.
Hand, P. (1998). Earthworm Biotechnology. In Resourches and Aplication of Biotechnology. The New Wave (Greenshields, R. ed). NY: MacMillan US Press Ltd.
Heath, A. G. (1987). Water Pollution and Fish Physiology. Florida: CRC Ress Inc.
Hodgson, E. (2000). A Textbook of Modern Toxicology. Singapore: McGraw-hill Book Co.
Jones, C. G., Lawton, J. H. & Shachak, M. (1994). Organisms as ecosystem engineers. Oikos, 69, 373- 386.
Loomis, T. A. (1987). Essential of Toxicology. Philadelpia: Lea & Febiger.
Moenandir, Y. (1990). Introduction to Weed Science and Control. Jakarta: Rajawali Press.
Nasution, U. (1986). Weeds and Their Control in North Sumatra and Aceh Rubber Plantations. Tanjung Morawa Plantation Research and Development Center, 55.
Palungkun, R. (2010). Farming Business of Earthworm Lumbricus rubellus. Jakarta: Independent Publisher.
Parthasarathi, K. (2007). Life cycle of Lampito mauritii (Kinberg) in comparison with Eudrilus eugeniae (Kinberg) cultured on different substrates. Journal of environmental Biology, 28, 803-812.
Pelosi, C., Toutous, L., Chiron, F., et al. (2013). Reduction of pesticide use can increase earthworm populations in wheat crops in a European temperate region. Agriculture, Ecosystem & Environment, 181, 223-230.
Relyea, R. A. (2005). The lethal impacts of Roundup and predatory stress on six species of North American Tadpoles. Archives of Environmental Contamination and Toxicology, 48, 351- 357.
Riadi, M. (2011). Herbicides and Their Applications. Makassar: Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University.
Rukmana, R. (2008). Cultivation of earthworms. Yogyakarta: Kanisius Publishers.
Scheu, S. (2003). Effects of earthworms on plant growth: patterns and perspectives. Pedobiologia, 47, 846-856.
Sugiantoro, A. (2012). Treasure of Earthworms Earthworm Cultivation for Alternative Medicine. Yogyakarta: DAFA Publishing.
Sukiya & Putri, R. A. (2014). Ecotoxicology Practicum Instructions. Yogyakarta: UNY-Press.
Tilman, D., Cassman, K.G., Matson, P.A., et al. (2002). Agricultural sustainability and intensive production practices. Nature, 418, 671-677.
Van Groenigen, J. W., Lubbers, I. M., Vos, H. M. J., et al. (2014). Earthworms increase plant production: a meta-analysis. Scientific Reports, 4, 6365.
Viljoen, S. A. & Reinecke, A. (1989). Life Cycle of The African Nightcrawler, Eudrilus eugeniae (Oligochaeta). Journal of Zoology, 24, 27-32.
Waren, C. E. (1971). Biologi and Water Pollution Central. Philadephia: W.D. Sunders. Co.
Zaller, J.G., Heigl, F., Ruess, L., et al. (2014) Glyphosate herbicide affects belowground interactions between earthworms and symbiotic mycorrhizal fungi in a model ecosystem. Scientific Reports, 4, 5634.
Downloads
Published
Issue
Section
License
Copyright (c) 2025 Indonesian Journal of Bioscience (IJOBI)
This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution-NonCommercial-ShareAlike 4.0 International License.
