KEANEKARAGAMAN ANGGREK ALAM DAN KEBERADAAN MIKORIZA ANGGREK DI DUSUN TURGO PAKEM, SLEMAN YOGYAKARTA

Abstract

Penelitian ini bertujuan untuk melihat keanekaragaman, mikoriza simbion, dan keberadaan mikoriza di akar anggrek alam di Dusun Turgo Pakem Yogyakarta. Metode yang digunakan dengan mengidentifikasi jenis anggrek, mengisolasi dan mengkarakterisasi fungi mikoriza adalah media PDA (potato dextrose agar) yang dilanjutkan dengan identifikasi setiap fungi yang diperoleh. Pengukuran faktor lingkungan abiotik meliputi faktor edafik yaitu kelembaban, pH, suhu tanah, dan mikroklimat yaitu suhu udara, kelembaban udara, dan intensitas cahaya. Infeksi mikoriza diamati dengan mengamati keberadaan fungi pada jaringan akar. Hasil pengamatan menunjukkan adanya 8 spesies anggrek alam yaitu : Zeuxine petakinensis, endrobium sagittatum, Bulbophyllum chaetonium, Dendrobium mutabile, Eria retusa, Eria oblitterata, Pholidota carnea, Rhomboda velutina. Beberapa anggrek spesies di hutan tersebut dalam keadaan dorman sehingga tidak dapat diidentifikasi.  Keberadaan mikoriza dari hasil pengamatan mikroskopis menunjukkan bahwa pada umumnya akar anggrek spesies yang ditemui berasosiasi simbiose dengan mikoriza yang masing-masing menunjukkan jenis fungi yang berbeda. Fungi yang dapat didentifikasi diantaranya termasuk dalam genus Rhizoctonia, Glomus, Chaetonium, Scopulariopsis dan Trichoderma

Kata kunci: spesies anggrek, mikoriza, fungi anggrek

Abstract

This research aims to identify the diversity of orchids and to find the existence of mycorrrhizal symbiont in wild orchid roots in Turgo village, Pakem Sleman.                 The samples of orchids and orchid roots were done by taking samples in Puspa Forest of Turgo Village, Pakem Sleman Yogyakarta. This research were exploration research on existing orchids’ diversity. The methods that have been used to identify the existing orchid species in the forest, isolation, and characterization mycorrhizal fungi is PDA (potato dextrose agar). Measurement of environmental factors for including edhapic factors were humidity, pH, soil temperature, and microclimate factors were air temperature, air humidity, and light intensity. The mycorrhizal infection was done by observing of mycorrhizal fungi existence.            The results of the research are retrieved 8 species of orchids are Zeuxine petakinensis, Dendrobium sagittatum, Bulbophyllum chaetonium, Dendrobium mutabile, Eria retusa, Eria oblitterata, Pholidota carnea, Rhomboda velutina. Some orchids in the forest are dormant, therefore it couldn’t be identified. The mycorrhizal symbiosis from microscopic characterization had been known as different on each mychorriza. The mycorrhizal fungi that have been identified were genus of Rhizoctonia, Glomus, Chaetonium, Scopulariopsis and Trichoderma.

Keywords: orchid species, mychorrhiza, orchid fungi