DISKRIMINASI ETNIS KURDI DI TÜRKIYE IRAK IRAN DAN SYRIA TAHUN 1918-2024

Ardi Tri Yuwono

doi:10.21831/istoria.v20i2.75394

DISKRIMINASI ETNIS KURDI DI TÜRKIYE IRAK IRAN DAN SYRIA TAHUN 1918-2024

Ardi Tri Yuwono, Universitas Nusantara PGRI Kediri, Indonesia

10.21831/istoria.v20i2.75394

Abstract

Sebelum ditetapkan batas negara Türkiye melalui Perjanjian Lausanne, Etnis Kurdi yang berasal dari wilayah Pegunungan Kurdistan menjalani gaya hidup nomaden. Oleh karena itu, Etnis Kurdi merupakan salah satu kelompok minoritas yang tersebar di negara-negara Timur Tengah, seperti: (1) Türkiye, (2) Irak, (3) Iran, dan (4) Syria. Etnis Kurdi tidak menjadi mayoritas di negara tersebut, sehingga mereka rentan mengalami diskriminasi dan genosida. Tujuan dari penelitian ini adalah untuk mengetahui lebih lanjut terkait kehidupan Etnis Kurdi setelah Perang Dunia I hingga masa modern di negara Türkiye, Iran, Irak, dan Syria (1918-2024). Penelitian ini mengaplikasikan metode sejarah dengan pendekatan kualitatif. Kehidupan Etnis Kurdi di negara tersebut menghadapi tantangan yang berbeda. Etnis Kurdi di Türkiye mengalami genosida pada tahun 1925-1938 dan 1984-1999. Etnis Kurdi di Irak juga mengalami genosida pada tahun 1978-1979 dan 1987-1989. Adapun Etnis Kurdi di Iran berjuang untuk mendirikan negara bagi Etnis Kurdi di wilayah barat Iran. Sementara itu, Etnis Kurdi di Syria menghadapi konflik dengan Etnis Arab yang memicu terjadinya Perang Saudara Syria sejak tahun 2011 hingga saat ini.

Keywords

Kurds Ethnic; discrimination; genocide; minoritas

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DOI: https://doi.org/10.21831/istoria.v20i2.75394