Analisis Kualitas Pengelasan Pressure Vessel pada Lomba Kompetensi Smk Tingkat Nasional dengan Standar AWS

Abstract

This research aimed to study the acceptance level and visual test of weldments in a pressure vessel in the national skills competition of vocational students in 2019. The approach of this research is quantitative-descriptive. Data were collected using checklists of quality assessment of the weld results. The tests for quality were pressure test and visual test. This research was conducted at the national skill competition in 2019 at Jogja Expo Center. The sample of this study was 32 welders. The results revealed that the acceptance level was considerably low, in which only 1 out of 32 participants passed the pressure test. Results from the visual quality were also low due to lack of understanding and knowledge in determining the requirements of pressure vessel welding, especially for the welding code and assembly drawing symbols. Participants were also unable to choose the right welding current, lacks theoretical knowledge of metals characteristics and welding processes types, and low awareness of OSH equipment.  Most participants were also lacking in practical knowledge on how to avoid welding defects in the pressure vessel weldments.

Penelitian ini bertujuan mengetahui tingkat kelolosan hasil pengelasan pressure vessel  pada lomba kompetensi siswa SMK tingkat nasional tahun 2019. Penelitian ini merupakan penelitian deskriptif kuantitatif. Metode pengumpulan data dalam penelitian ini menggunakan check list penilaian kualitas hasil pengelasan siswa dengan uji tingkat kelolosan kebocoran dan uji visual. Penelitian ini dilaksanakan di Jogja expo center (JEC) sebagai tempat LKSN. Sampel dari penelitian ini adalah 32 siswa, analisis data dilakukan dengan analisis deskriptif. Hasil penelitian menunjukkan bahwa: tingkat kelolosan uji pressure vessel masih sangat rendah dimana dari 32 peserta yang lolos uji pressure hanya 1 orang, kualitas hasil visual pengelasan pressure vessel masih rendah hal tersebut disebabkan kurangnya pemahaman dan pengetahuan tentang menentukan persyaratan pengelasan pressure vessel khususnya dalam mengetahui kode pengelasan dan simbol gambar kerja asembly, mengetahui jenis bahan logam, mengetahui jenis proses pengelasan SMAW, GMAW, GTAW dan FCAW serta mengetahui fungsi alat keselamatan dan kesehatan kerja, serta pemahaman terhadap cara untuk menghindari cacat-cacat las pada hasil pengelasan pressure vessel.