SOCIA is a scientific journal which managed by Faculty of Social Sciences . This journal focuses on the publication of the results of scientific research related to the field of social studies. The published article originated from researchers, academicians, professional, and practitioners from all over the world. More...
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The Effectiveness of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) Cooperative Learning Model in Improving Students' Understanding of Social Studies Concepts
This study aims to examine the implementation of the Teams Games Tournament (TGT) cooperative learning model in enhancing students’ understanding of Social Studies concepts among seventh-grade students at SMPN 3 Tarogong Kidul. The study is motivated by the low level of students’ conceptual understanding, which is influenced by teacher-centered instruction and limited student participation in the learning process. This research employed a qualitative approach using a descriptive method. The participants included a Social Studies teacher and seventh-grade students selected purposively. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using an interactive model consisting of data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The findings reveal that the implementation of the TGT model improves students’ engagement, learning motivation, and social interaction. In addition, students’ conceptual understanding increased, as indicated by their improved ability to explain, connect, and apply concepts effectively. Supporting factors include high student enthusiasm and effective group collaboration, while inhibiting factors involve low self-confidence and limited instructional time. Therefore, the TGT model can be considered an effective, interactive, and meaningful alternative strategy for Social Studies learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Nurlailatul Badriyah, Tetep, Lili Dianah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Digital Exclusion of Older People in the Era of Digital Transformation: The Role of Generation Z as Mediators of Technology Access
Digital transformation has transformed various aspects of people’s lives, yet not all groups have been able to adapt effectively, particularly older adults who are vulnerable to digital exclusion. This study aims to examine the forms of the digital divide among older adults and the role of Generation Z as mediators in bridging access to digital services. The method employed is a descriptive qualitative approach through a literature review, analysing various relevant academic sources. The findings indicate that the digital divide among the elderly is multidimensional, encompassing limited access to technology, low digital literacy, limited technical skills, information gaps, psychological factors, and digital service designs that are not yet inclusive. Furthermore, social factors such as limited social networks also reinforce digital exclusion among older adults. In this context, Generation Z plays a crucial role as mediators who not only provide technical assistance but also act as technology interpreters, facilitators of informal learning, and providers of psychological support. Interactions between older adults and Generation Z reflect the role of social capital in enhancing digital inclusion through trust and interpersonal relationships. Therefore, intergenerational collaboration is a key strategy in creating an inclusive digital transformation and empowering older adults to adapt independently in the digital age.
Copyright (c) 2026 Annisa Fauziyyah, Ima, fatma, Mirna https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Strengthening Destination Image through the Arakan Sahur Festival to Increase Tourist Visits in West Tanjung Jabung Regency
This study aims to analyze the strengthening of destination image through the Arakan Sahur Festival in increasing tourist visits in West Tanjung Jabung Regency. The background of this study is based on the suboptimal use of festivals as a strategic instrument in building destination image, despite having strong cultural potential and high tourist attractions. This study uses a qualitative approach with a case study method. Data were collected through in-depth interviews, observations, documentation, and questionnaires as supporting data, involving the Tourism Office, the organizing committee, MSMEs, cultural communities, and tourists. Data analysis uses the Place Branding theory by Simon Anholt which includes six dimensions, namely presence, place, potential, pulse, people, and prerequisites. The results show that the Arakan Sahur Festival contributes to strengthening the destination image, particularly in terms of popularity and socio-cultural dynamics. However, image strengthening is not optimal due to limitations in facilities, environmental management, and consistency of public communication. Nevertheless, this festival is able to increase tourist visits and community economic activity. This study concludes that strengthening destination image through cultural festivals requires an integrated, collaborative, and sustainable strategy to improve regional tourism competitiveness.
Copyright (c) 2026 Tiara Sabrina, Wahyu Rohayati, Hapsa https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Indonesia‘s Public Diplomacy Strategy through Instagram @kemlu-ri in Shaping a Positive Image in ASEAN (2020-2024)
Abstract This study examines Indonesia’s digital public diplomacy strategy through the official Instagram account @kemlu_ri in shaping a positive image in the ASEAN region during the 2020–2024 period, focusing on the effectiveness of the Ministry of Foreign Affairs’ communication amid the COVID-19 pandemic, geopolitical competition, and digital transformation in Southeast Asia. The study uses a qualitative descriptive-analytical approach and applies content analysis (visuals, narratives, and audience engagement) as well as discourse analysis to examine diplomatic messages and framing, drawing data from ASEAN-related Instagram posts, official documents, media coverage, and academic literature through source triangulation. The findings show that @kemlu_ri functions not only as a channel for foreign policy information but also as an instrument for positive image-building that highlights cultural identity, diplomatic contributions, and Indonesia’s active role in maintaining ASEAN centrality, which strengthens Indonesia’s soft power despite challenges in message consistency and audience reach. Theoretically, this study contributes to digital diplomacy scholarship by advancing the understanding of digital public diplomacy through the integration of visual and discourse analysis of social media as a mechanism for state image construction at the regional level.
Copyright (c) 2026 Khoirul Prasetio, Made Santoso https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Social Exclusion in the Education of Students with Religious Beliefs in Banyumas
Ministry of Education and Culture Regulation No. 27 of 2016 provides access for students who practice a particular faith to receive an education that is equal to that of their peers. This study describes the implementation of this regulation in Banyumas Regency and the forms of social exclusion in the implementation of this regulation. The research approach used is descriptive qualitative with data collection techniques through in-depth interviews, observation, and documentation. Informants in this study were determined using snowball sampling from students and education counsellors. Data analysis used the Miles and Huberman model. Data validity was obtained using researcher triangulation. The results show that since 2017, religious education has been implemented with support from MLKI and education counselors. The number of students who practice their beliefs has increased from 4 students initially to 10 students and 7 education counselors currently. However, the implementation process faces social exclusion barriers such as initial rejection of belief education, social stereotypes, forced use of certain religious symbols, and unequal access to textbooks, class placement, and assignments that conflict with students' beliefs in general subjects. This shows that there is still a dominance of the majority religion in the Indonesian education system. This study emphasizes the importance of socialization and enforcement of policies to guarantee equal education rights for students who practice beliefs. Therefore, the implementation of belief education requires collaboration from all parties in order to overcome obstacles and ensure that students can access education in accordance with their beliefs and human rights equally.
Copyright (c) 2026 Marselinus, Nasywa Andi Oosterdam, Calya Nashifa Adi Saputri, Faril Insan Madani, Fajar Widianto, Zidan Alfin Mubarrok, Tata Indra Wati https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Implementation of the Numbered Heads Together Model to Enhance Students’ Critical Thinking Skills in Social Studies
This study aims to describe the implementation of the Numbered Heads Together (NHT) learning model in Social Studies (IPS) and to examine the development of students’ critical thinking skills. This research employed a qualitative approach with a descriptive method. The subjects were students of class VIII B at SMPN 3 Tarogong Kidul. Data were collected through observation, interviews, and documentation, and analyzed using the Miles and Huberman model, which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing. The results indicate that the implementation of the NHT model improves student engagement in learning, as evidenced by increased participation in discussions, confidence in expressing opinions, and social interaction among students. Furthermore, students’ critical thinking skills show significant development, particularly in analysis, explanation, and inference. Students are able to identify problems, connect information, provide logical arguments, and draw systematic conclusions. However, evaluation skills remain less developed and require more intensive practice. Thus, the Numbered Heads Together (NHT) learning model is effective in enhancing student engagement and gradually developing critical thinking skills in Social Studies learning.
Copyright (c) 2026 Erni, Tetep, Lili Dianah https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of ASEAN’s Role as an International Organization in Addressing Human Trafficking Cases in Cambodia
This analysis discusses ASEAN as an international organization that responds to and addresses human trafficking cases in Cambodia. Human trafficking occurs due to various factors—poverty, political instability, and limited job opportunities. This analysis employs a qualitative, descriptive approach. Data collection was conducted through literature review, where the author accessed various secondary sources such as scientific journals, books, and articles from reputable media outlets. Kelly Kate Pease’s theory of international organizations serves as the primary analytical framework, particularly regarding ASEAN’s three roles: Problem Solver, Aid Provider, and Capacity Builder. Through the ASEAN Convention Against Trafficking in Persons, Especially Women and Children (ACTIP), ASEAN plays a crucial role in policy formulation and cross-border collaboration to address human trafficking issues. Additionally, ASEAN plays a role in providing assistance and rehabilitation support for victims through various frameworks such as the TIP Bohol initiative and the ASEAN Multi-Sectoral Work Plan Against Trafficking in Persons (TIP). ASEAN strives to find regional solutions to eradicate human trafficking in the region; in Cambodia, human trafficking poses a significant threat and disrupts ASEAN’s security stability. Keywords: Human Trafficking, ASEAN, ACTIP, Cambodia
Copyright (c) 2026 Yasmin Zahra, Widia Yulianti , Betsaida, Prihandono, Indrawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
The History of Dadi Temple from the Perspective of Cultural Experts and the Community of Wajak Kidul Village, Tulungagung Regency
Dadi Temple is a historical structure in Tulungagung Regency designated as a National‑level Cultural Heritage site. This study aims to explore and analyze the perspectives of cultural experts and the residents of Wajak Kidul Village concerning the history of Dadi Temple. The research employed a descriptive qualitative approach. Data were collected through in‑depth interviews with the temple’s caretakers, cultural experts, and local community members; architectural and environmental observations of the temple; and document analysis. Data analysis followed the Miles and Huberman model, which includes data reduction, data display, and conclusion drawing and verification. Data validity was tested using methodological and source triangulation. Methodological triangulation compared findings from observation, interviews, and documentation, while source triangulation compared information from multiple informants to ensure the credibility of the results. The findings indicate that the periodization of Dadi Temple construction corresponds to the Majapahit era under the reign of King Hayam Wuruk in the 14th century CE, specifically toward the end of his rule. The functions of Dadi Temple included worship and ritual practice, ascetic retreat, and funerary cremation. In addition, the community preserves folklore concerning the temple’s origin that resembles the Prambanan legend. These findings demonstrate that Dadi Temple not only possesses historical value but also remains alive within the community’s collective memory through oral tradition. The diversity of perspectives on Dadi Temple illustrates that history is not merely a record of past facts but also a product of interpretation and collective memory transmitted across generations.
Copyright (c) 2026 Jaiyana Zahrani, Hendra Pratama https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Analysis of Students’ Perceptions of Ethnic and Racial Diversity in Higher Education Environments
Ethnic and racial diversity refers to the existence of various ethnic and racial groups in society that include differences in geographic origin, culture, language, religion and social practices. Ethnic and racial diversity in higher education refers to a group of students, faculty, and staff who come from different ethnic and racial backgrounds. This is a new challenge and opportunity for universities in managing ethnic and racial diversity. Ethnic and racial diversity is an important aspect in creating a conducive and inclusive higher education environment for all students. This research aims to analyze students' perceptions of ethnic and racial diversity in the Sriwijaya University environment. This research uses a quantitative method with a survey method by distributing questionnaires to students at Sriwijaya University with various faculties and various ethnic and racial backgrounds for each student. The research results obtained show that the majority of students have positive perceptions of ethnic and racial diversity at the universities where they study. Positive perceptions from students who think that diversity in the university environment provides benefits in expanding interviews, increasing tolerance, and enriching learning experiences. However, there are also several challenges faced, such as the existence of negative stereotypes and prejudice among ethnic groups. It is hoped that these findings can become the basis for universities to develop more inclusive policies and create a harmonious and tolerant academic environment.
Copyright (c) 2026 Pratama Setiawan, Pratama Setiawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Implementation of The Teachings of Satya In Shaping The Social Ethics of Hindu Religious Education Students at Iahn Mpu Kuturan
Higher education institutions are places of social interaction particularly friendships where solidarity, tolerance, trust, and responsibility flourish. Every social relationship naturally has its own set of ethical norms that must be upheld and respected to foster a harmonious social environment, especially among friends. On the ground observations reveal a decline in social ethics within friendships at higher education institutions. According to data from the Kemendiktisaintek from 2021 to 2024, there were 310 reports of violence within higher education institutions, including sexual violence, bullying, and intolerance. Unhealthy social friendships can lead to declining academic performance, social isolation, and a loss of self-confidence. There is a need to strengthen and put into practice the values of Dharma, specifically the teaching of Satya. The teaching of Satya emphasizes the importance of honesty, truth, responsibility, and loyalty, which can be used to build and shape a noble character, thereby creating a healthy and harmonious friendship environment. This study is a qualitative study with a descriptive approach using interviews, literature review, and documentation. The study aims to identify the strategies used in implementing the Satya teachings, the challenges encountered, and the implications of applying the Satya teachings in shaping students’ social ethics
Copyright (c) 2026 Virgo Agni; Ni Luh Purnamasuari Prapnuwanti, I Ketut Pasek Gunawan https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0
Exploring Exploring Aceh’s Virtual Destination Image Through Netizen’s Perception on Tiktok
This study examines the virtual destination image of Aceh Province as a halal tourism destination through user interactions on TikTok. Using a qualitative content analysis of 3,960 user comments on the three most highly engaged Aceh tourism videos, the findings reveal that destination image (381 comments) is the dominant theme, indicating that visual appeal natural beauty and aesthetic qualities shapes Aceh's virtual image more strongly than informative narratives. Travel interest emerged as a significant theme (176 comments), demonstrating that visual exposure on TikTok influences visit intention. Netizen sentiment was balanced between positive (92) and negative (86) opinions. Negative comments primarily expressed concerns about Sharia law enforcement for non-local tourists while positive comments emphasized Aceh's cultural uniqueness and religious identity. Islamic and halal values appeared as supporting elements (114 comments) but were secondary to visual representation. Keywords: virtual destination image, halal tourism, Aceh, TikTok, analysis of netizen comments, electronic word of mouth
Copyright (c) 2026 Mawaddah, Ulfa Erfendy https://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/4.0