Pardede, Timbul, Agus Santoso, Diki Diki, Heri Retnawati, Ibnu Rafi, Ezi Apino, and Munaya Nikma Rosyada. 2023. “Gaining a Deeper Understanding of the Meaning of the Carelessness Parameter in the 4PL IRT Model and Strategies for Estimating It”. REID (Research and Evaluation in Education) 9 (1):86-117. https://doi.org/10.21831/reid.v9i1.63230.