Edukasi Hygiene der Tropen dan Upaya Pengawasan Kualitas Pangan Olahan oleh Voedingsmiddelen-Commissie pada 1914-1935
DOI:
https://doi.org/10.21831/mozaik.v16i2.87006Abstract
Tulisan ini menyoal tentang edukasi makanan bersih di Hindia Belanda, sebagai respon dari banyaknya penyakit yang salah satunya ditimbulkan oleh konsumsi makanan tidak berfaedah (kotor). Seiring dengan perkembangan pemahaman akan higiene sebagai perwujudan pengetahuan modern, edukasi makanan bersih semakin digencarkan baik oleh pemerintah maupun pihak swasta. Edukasi tentang makanan bersih ini disampaikan salah satunya melalui terbitan surat kabar seperti “Tjahaja-Timoer”. Selain edukasi makanan bersih, tindakan lain yang dilakukan untuk mencegah timbulnya penyakit dari konsumsi makanan yaitu pengawasan yang berkelanjutan. Pengawasan ini didasari oleh praktik penipuan dan pemalsuan pangan oalahan yang mulai terjadi di masa ini. Pengawasan pangan ini dilakukan oleh pemerintah dengan membentuk badan khusus dan oleh pihak swasta dengan melakukan uji laboratorium salah satunya dilakukan oleh voedingsmiddelen-commissie. Penelitian ini mengkaji tiga pertanyaan penting: (1) bagaimana edukasi makanan bersih menghasilkan pengetahuan tentang kesadaran akan higienitas makanan pada kehidupan masyarakat di Hindia Belanda; dan (2) bagaimana pangan dilakukan oleh voedingsmiddelen-commissie. Dengan menggunakan metode penelitian sejarah, tulisan ini menyimpulkan bahwa edukasi makanan bersih mengambil peran dalam memperbaiki kualitas hidup masyarakat. Selain itu, tentang kontribusi voedingsmiddelen-commissie dengan melakukan uji laboratorium yang digunakan sebagai acuan pemerintah untuk membuat kebijakan-kebijakan, meskipun pada akhirnya komisi ini runtuh karena kurangnya dukungan dana. Metode yang digunakan adalah metode sejarah, dengan sumber data berasal dari era sezaman.
Kata kunci: higiene , pengawasan, voedingsmiddelen-commisie
This study examines the discourse on clean food in the Dutch East Indies, which emerged in response to widespread illnesses, many of which stemmed from the consumption of unhygienic and contaminated food. As hygiene became increasingly recognized as a cornerstone of modern scientific knowledge, both colonial authorities and private entities intensified efforts to promote public awareness of food sanitation. Publications such as the newspaper “Tjahaja-Timoer” served as key mediums for disseminating these educational campaigns. Beyond public instruction, systematic food oversight was implemented as a preventive measure, with the colonial government establishing specialized regulatory bodies while private initiatives, including laboratory testing by the “voedingsmiddelen-commissie”, supplemented these efforts. This research addresses two central inquiries: (1) how clean food education shaped public consciousness regarding dietary hygiene in colonial society, and (2) the mechanisms of food regulation employed by the “voedingsmiddelen-commissie”. Employing historical methodology with contemporaneous sources, the study concludes that clean food education significantly contributed to elevating living standards. Furthermore, the voedingsmiddelen-commissie contributed by conducting laboratory tests, which were frequently used as a reference for government policymaking, though the commission ultimately collapsed due to insufficient funding. The methodology employed in this study is historical, with primary data sources drawn from contemporaneous records.
Keywords: Hygiene, oversight, voedingsmiddelen-commissie
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