OBITUARY PRESENTED IN INDONESIAN NEWSPAPER

The newspaper enables the readers to obtain enlightenment, particularly moral values. Moral values can be obtained through obituary writings. This study was aimed at elaborating the reference, author’s perspective, technique of collecting material, role assertion, contribution to writing biography, and motive in the obituary. The data were obtained through a documentation technique while the data source was attained from the printed version of the called Kompas Indonesia newspapers from 2015 to 2017. The newspaper was the only one in the country giving this special rubric. The study applied the referential identity method, marker reading technique, and pragmatic identity analysis as well as pedagogic and hermeneutic approach. Results show that the obituary texts in the newspaper are potential to become a learning material in Indonesian language education, particularly in the elementary school. The inspirational figures can further impact on students’ character building.


INTRODUCTION
Kompas, one of the Indonesian popular printed newspapers, consistently presents obituary to some passed-away inspirational figures. As this article's main data, it reveals the reference, author's perspective, the technique of collecting material, role assertion, contribution to writing biography, and motive in the obituary. The published figure in the column is the media own right. Based on the initial observation to the newspaper, it evidences the heterogeneity. Therefore, the obituary in the newspaper varies from bureaucrats, scientists, artists, and religious leaders as well.
In order to build students' behavior or capacity, various methods can be implemented.
Therefore, this investigation offers one of the methods of the implementation through the obituary. This article proves the breadth of the topics can be investigated from obituaries. Furthermore, this becomes essential when a certain figure has not been productively written yet. There are other specifications about the obituary: an article that can be read at glance as straight news. This means that it can be taught easily to upper-class students started in elementary school, class V and VI in order to improve their writing skills.
The newspaper enables the readers to obtain enlightenment, particularly moral values. The education cannot be conveyed if they read an announcement of people's death only. In the announcement of people's death, their journey in building their carrier will never be elicited. This missing piece is the most significant part that can be generated for a character education. The readers acquire a concrete learning since the character lives in a real-world context. By loading a lot of moral values to the readers of the newspaper, it can be followed up to writing text-book materials; the position of the obituary is prioritized as the supplementary readings.
If a short story, novel, or romance describe more than one characters in the stories with diverse-unique characters, the discourse of the obituary only offers one character. Thus, the learner becomes can focus on it, else they read a lot of obituaries. The more they read, the more value they gain through reading the obituary. Hence, it becomes very important to collect obituaries for mapping many excellent figures in their own personality.
Based on the study of the internal and external elements of the discourse of obituary, Sunanda, et al. (2017) explained the internal and external elements of the discourse. Their study showed the specification and preference to the development of Indonesia language learning materials which refer to the concept of politeness as reflected in the discourse of the obituary. The discourse of obituary has its own specific characteristic in its compilation. In terms of its internal elements, the type this text refers to the pattern of the development of the discourse which is easy to follow and integrated so that it can be easily understood to serve as the source of the reference Indonesian language materials. In the meantime, the external element that refers to the external aspect of the obituary has a tendency to emphasize the aspect of politeness. It is like what has been found by Aremu (2011) who is researching an obituary in terms of socio-pragmatics. The obituary as the data source was in Nigerian English. He saw that the obituary in Nigerian English has its characteristics of a euphemism, metaphors, idioms, hedges, mixed code, code, and lexical borrowing. His study concluded that the use of the social language was a mixture of the two types of representation of language, i.e. English and Nigeria. Then, Kearl (1986Kearl ( -1987 explained that the presence of obituary described the social stratification and one's status in their work of the moment of his death, the way of his death, institutional affiliation and time of her death. Matcha (1994Matcha ( -1995 investigated obituaries from respondents aged over 65 years associated with the age when he got married, the wedding, the number of children and their descendants, marital status, and family patterns. Fernandes (2006) concentrated on euphemistic in the style of obituaries in the 19 th century.
This study is able to be an alternativescientific work that can strengthen the backdrop in writing Indonesian language teaching and learning the material as its main purpose. This study aimed at elaborating the reference, author's perspective, the technique of collecting material, role assertion, contribution to writing biography, and motive in the obituary. This contribution becomes relevant and important facing the result of the study that underlies the character building which is suitable to the Indonesian language and education curriculum.

METHOD
The method for collecting the data was performed by documentation method, i.e., the documenting Kompass which specifically publishes the discourse of obituary. The data source was taken from the newspaper that was published in 2015 -2017. A span of three-years gives the availability of the data to be analyzed because of the emergence of a discourse of the obituary is not possibly predicted since the events that are written in the discourse is after someone's death. The data source is only drawn from the newspaper Kompas since Kompas is the only newspaper that gives a special column on the issue. Moreover, based on the reading of the newspaper, it is proved that the discourse of the obituary issues more diverse background with the different profession, which is beneficial for the readers who are heterogeneous. The discourse of the obituary is also delivered with a mild language that begins to be digested by the students at the elementary school level.
This study applies a referential identity method and marker reading technique. The first method is applied to unveil the content of a message on the obituary as well as the subject popularized in titling the obituary. In this step, we look at the obituary texts and interpret the message within the texts. In addition, we look at the titling to see the subject character who were being potrayed. In the second method, we applied analyses to describe the author's point of view and the technique of collecting the material in building the obituary texts. Furthermore, this current study utilizes a hermeneutic technique to interpret the content of the contribution of the obituary in writing biography and motives in it.

RESULTS AND DISCUSSION Result
In accordance with the focus, the results of the study include references, author perspectives, material gathering techniques, roles, contributions to writing biographies, and motives in obituaries. The complete research results are presented in Table 1.

Reference of the Obituaries in Kompas
Based on the analyzed obituary, journalists of Kompas are said to have represented Indonesian society in their way of building obituary texts. There is conformity between the perception of community members with them. This may occur in the way they position themselves as the community members that feel and judge the journey of the figures when they are actively involved in any social environments. Excerpt 1 below provides an example of an obituary text in Kompas 19 August 2015. The presented news is about the time of passing away, cause, when the lights of specifications, and the funeral held.

The Author's Point of View
Narratives about the figure are developed in the obituary based on third person point of view. This contrasts with the news discourse developed in Kompas. If their position as a news writer, as in the straight news, they potentialize the perspective of the third person and first person. The third person point of view is marked by pronouns he/she, they, the given name, or the combination of a relative clause and pronouns, the given name and the extension with the mention of instances of a person's place of work, or profession (Sabardila, 2017). Excerpt 2 below describes the use of titles, greetings, and pronouns associated with the narrated-preached figures. As it pertains to people who already passed away, the story is conveyed by using the third person points of view, and greetings. Their salutations are obtained based on their work or recognition around them. Their special greetings are such as the late and the bodies (deceased).

Excerpt 2:
The following table elaborates the use of the titles, callings, greetings, and the use of pronouns in the obituary.  (1977,(1978)(1979), Sekteraris PBB pertama dari Benua Afrik pada 1 Januari 1992, akademisi dengan spesialisasi hukum internasional, dan sekjen PBB dengan satu masa jabatan 'Leaders in tough time, an Egyptian diplomat who led the United Nations in difficult times, the pronouns he, Secretary of the United Nations, the Foreign Minister of Egypt (1977,(1978)(1979), the first secretary of UN from Africa on 1 January 1992, academics specializing in international law, and UN general secretary with a period of working' 11. Ahmad Watik Tokoh Muhammadiyah sekaligus salah seorang pendiri Ikatan Cendikiawan Muslim Indonesia, Ahmad Watik Pratiknya, almarhum, dokter ahli anatomi, anggota Majelis Tabligh Pimpinan Pusat Muhammadiyah (1985-1990 The third person points of view (: he, she, or he) and their substitutions clarify the characteristics of the obituary as a means to writing biography. Then, the choice of greetings late, and corpse are dictions developed in the obituary.
The journalists' knowledge towards the figures may possibly affect the nuance of the obituary. They add much information that is assessed objectively so that the death of the figure will deliver any wisdom to the readers. In the meantime, since there is no interest, publics are satisfied with the figures.
Identification of the role, profession, and salutation, if appointed to be a creative writing material, are able to enrich students on how to avoid monotonous writing. In addition to the pronouns (he, she, or he), the replacement can be in the form of taking the title, rank, or other words which are grammatically replaceable the personal names. The replacement, as in table 1, is able to avoid the monotonous delivery.

The Technique of Collecting Material
The technique of collecting material in this article is conveyed by the observation and interview. The marker marking that the writing is drawn from the results of the interview is indicated by the mention of news sources (such as the second daughter of the deceased ( "With all his action, the leaving of Adnan Buyung putting grief for many people." Bang Buyung is a role-model, who has integrity, and professionalism, "said President Joko Widodo. ("Legal Combatants who Had Principles" (K, 25/9/2015) Sunanda, et al. (2017) states that there is an element form the discourse of the obituary, namely testimonial. A testimonial is a witness, the certificate (which can be worn as witnesses) (Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia, 2009:873). In the discourse (a) three informants presented to give testimony. So, journalists have not only raised their own knowledge or insights, however, strengthen their writing by presenting witnesses.

The Popularized Role
The role of the figures refers to activity when in social organization, profession, or in the bureaucracy. The following specifications are attached to each character elicited in Kompas. Towards the reported losses and grieves, the authors see the success of the career, such as former "Director of Pertamina". The other examples are such as the success in the firmness or the fighter of law that has principle, the protector and loyal friend, a leader in hard times, and teacher of NU cadres, as the accentuates professionalism, skills, or skills such as Economist, figure bioethics, (skillfully in giving) lectures, journalist, language, heroes, and comedian.

Contributions of Obituary to Biography Writing
There is no neutral ground in writing history. However, journalists write about the losses is described objectively about their carrier. It is firmed that people are the informant about the figure. A study by Ondimu (2014) about a socio-cultural understanding of death in Kenyan newspaper suggests that the way journalists build obituaries reflects the society in which a genre of obituary can be established.
By not being concentrated in specific areas, Indonesian obituaries can be a matter of learning, especially about the biography. By knowing their carrier and way of life, the successor in each field is able to study by understanding the role of the character. The role from variousinspirational figures becomes inspirational for the people who have similar and potential talent.
To reach a certain position, a figure manages to demonstrate a superior personality. Therefore, journalists often supplement their obituaries by demonstrating the nature of the personality of the figure through the testimony of any figures' close-friends or their families.
Some of them are starting to write the obituary by performing a series of data collection, by interpreting the documentation method, interviews and/ or observation about the place where the figures ever live in. Such biographies generally raise the alive and productive figure. However, one could commence from the utilization of obituary. Hence, the character will be written is already dead. Thus, from the limited data, then it is developed into a complete writing.
Why is it still very feasible for writing a biography? Back into the process of achievement that readers want to get the story of steadfastness in achieving goals or achievements of the figure. With the guidelines, the readers can picture concretely. The biography of which originated from the utilization of these obituaries tend to be oriented in the disclosure of all attitude and personality of the figure to achieve success.
The character exemplified in this article was obtained from their characters, namely (1) Widya Purnama, his is inspiring for the employees of Pertamina, (1) Pande Radja Silalahi who is down to earth, honest and committed, and kept actively developing their knowledge, (2) Pak Raden who educated children through Indonesian stories "Unyil", (3) Suhardiman, the place for asking and has a powerful political instinct, (4) Ben Anderson, a critical and productive writer about Indonesia that his lectures is greatly admired by the students of Indonesia from different areas, (5) Zaili Asril who educated his son hard so that is not too easily giving up and complain, working on something maximally, critical and bold, trying to enlighten and educate people, and keep learning, (6) Jus Badudu who managed the difference the nation of Indonesia, productive, and diligently on perfecting his writing, (7) Umar Anggara Jenis who diligently worked in accordance with the field of his expertise, and (8) Bambang Gentolet who is diligent in his devotion to the arts of humor.

Motives in Obituary
The opinion built by the journalist seems to prefer the save delivering, then it is presented at the same time as the passed away of someone. Nagy (2017) looks at a changing nature of death and mourning through Hungarian obituaries. In this study he concludes that Hungarian obituaries prefer death taboo to be put as an empirical context in a number of ways. Instead of signifiying death taboo, metaphorical expressions of death show a secular demystified, but not tabooed relationship towards death. This is different from common Indonesian obituaries. Furthermore, in writing a biography authors are positioned as an open work which can be scrutinized. Indonesian journalists who adhere to a religion are guided by the teachings of the religion, i.e. if aroused to talk about a person who is deceased, choose the good things which can be imitated, not the dishonor or lack of them. This is in accordance with the exposure of Khalid (1973:19) which cites the opinion of Ibn Al-Qayyim.
"Mocking at your Muslim fellows because of their sin that they did is greater sin over their sin. With the mocking that you cast, it means shouting aloud about obedience and chastity as well as calling for yourself free from sin and mistake." (Khalid, 1973:19).
The situation is a of suffering. In this situation, the society from any culture applies the maxim of wisdom, which is awarded to members of the family who are grieving by keeping in a situation that does not hurt the feelings of them. Therefore, the presented news is about the time of passing away, cause, when the lights of specifications, and the funeral held.
The newspaper Kompas is not simply opening up space for the announcements or advertisements, but also provides a column for learning, especially values that can be picked due to the death of a figure.
Something that appears in the title or in the body of the discourse is something that provides benefits for the reader because the figure spoken in the field specification possession described investments. In fact, through writing the obituary of the journalist has managed to reaffirm the lights and the specifications they have. A productive and professional journalist producing works that apparent qualities that contributed news with the emphasis on objective content and language that is good and right. With the proclamation of the specification of the role of the community-owned characters, readers gain knowledge about personality that could follow from the character.
Obituary of Compass serves as a greeting or a title variation in accordance The acceptability of the writing of obituary is wider compared to the writing of biography. A biography is generally structured to "advertise the figure" that will be prepared for a new career. If so, when negative things felt could interfere with these goals, the sides will not be rendered. The author of the biography will follow them who order it. The acceptability of the biography is not always smooth. Those who are a priori from the beginning will be difficult to accept the presence of the book. Obituary writing materials excavated on the initiative of the journalists. Therefore, the intervention of people near the figure, who has been unable to direct the content of writing of the obituary. They remain as the connoisseur of the writings, as other readers who don't have any closeness of the relationship, either as colleagues or blood relations. If so, the obituary is more objective because the journalists hear or consider how communities behave towards the figure he is writing. The valid (correct) data is achieved through a short interview to become the material for the preparation of the title and the exposure in the body of the discourse.
The contribution of the presence of the obituary perceives the wisdom of the death of a figure. In addition, because of the expertise or skills, they have a number of personalities that led him to the position. A society that will get them example can grow and develop the personality so they are ready to follow the careers and expertise of the figure that is aligned with their field of expertise. Through the death of a prominent journalist, he wants to give the enlightenment to the readers about the advantages of such a figure that is not only related to his achievements but also possession of excellence of his character. The journalist information about the death of a figure is expected to elicit the more and more new generation. The phrase "one fallen, thousands blossoming" could be clarified with the inserts a sort of "missing one (figure); grow a thousand (new other figures). The mass media serves to broaden the ownership of the value, including the value that was carried out by a figure who died.
Example (1a) informs that Widya Purnama, an inspiring figure for employees of Pertamina continually dedicated and committed to providing the best for the company and the state.
(1a) "Almarhum adalah sosok yang inspiratif bagi insan Pertamina untuk senantiasa berdedikasi dan berkomitmen memberikan yang terbaik tidak hanya bagi perusahaan, tetapi juga bagi negara." (K, 19/8/2015) "The deceased was an inspiring figure for the people of Pertamina to continually dedicate and commit to providing the best not only for companies but also for the state". (K, 19/8/2015) Example (2a) inform Adnan Nasution, jars, which became a widely admired figure, fighters for human rights who is honest, has integrity, professional, and have a principle.
"He is known as an eminent politician, activist, and journalist. He became a member of Golkar's MPR 1987-1992 period and House members during three periods of 1992-2009. " ... "in the eyes of his close friends, Slamet is considered as the teacher of cadres. "Almost all of the current cadres are in him," Helmy said. "According to the Chairman of Persatuan Pembangunan Party, version of the Muktamar of Surabaya, Romahurmuziy, Slamet is patient and willing to give insight to his younger brothers in NU. "Slamet was personally dedicated to NU, Islam, and the state, "said Hanif Dhadiki, Minister of Employment." (K, 4/12/2015).
Example (7a) informs Suhardiman, the figure of Golkar, which was the place for cadres of Golkar to ask and has a powerful political instinct who states that Jokowi-Kalla will win the presidential election in 2014.
"Suhardiman, who was born in Solo, Central Java, December 16 th , 1924, according to Bambang, he is the most senior figure and the place for Golkar cadres to ask." He also has a strong political instinct. Far before the 2014 presidential election, Mr. Suhardiman said, "Jokowi-Kalla will win." (K, 14/12/2015 1944-1946 (1972), Imagined Communities: Reflections on the Origin andSpread of Nationalism (1983), dan Language andPower: Exploring Political Cultures in Indonesia (1990 "Father was a figure who educated his son hard but in a positive sense. We were trained not to easily give up and complain over the issue at our hand. He always reminded so that in everyday life, doing everything maximally, ... ". "Zaili was a learner. The intellectual journalist that his spare time was utilized for reading and discussion. He was also a critical figure and brave to be disliked by many people. His writings were criticizing but still, give the solution and view "... "In any discussions, the deceased always discusses how to keep remaining to enlighten and educate others. It also makes it so far keep learning. "... (K, 13/1/2016) Example (10a) inform Boutros-Boutros-Ghali, former Foreign Minister of Egypt (1977;1978-1989, which played an important role in the Camp David agreement and became the Secretary-General of the United Nations (1992). He's wild-eyed praised his successor who led the UN in its most challenging, and Calderon: in history, who dared ask tough questions on the members of the UN and confirmed the independence of the office and the Secretariat as a whole. He was an academic specializing in international law. The contents of the obituary that accentuates the role of character, either formal or informal character, become an additional material in a biography if the journey of the figure has already been published. It says an addition if the book will be reprinted. By this information, the writing of biography, especially those who have died, becomes more completely since there is information about the activity of the figure in the past or towards the end of his life.
As a column that gives a tribute to the deceased, journalists implicitly provide non-formal education to the people about someone's personal life and career as well as their excellent form until he is positioned as figures.
By including various figures showing their respective specifications, the author of obituary managed to meet the diversity of interests of the people in Indonesia. The author of obituary understands that Indonesia society does need to be "matured" through the lights of potential local, national, and global figure.
Learning from other's personality has been proposed by Myers and Briggs (2017). In their book, they state that the profile of the figures who are able to find their job based on their own personality. Obituary provides figures who are close to the readers and their journey is concretely recognized by the readers.
In speaking skills, especially speaking Indonesian, a number of character values are obtained (Supriyadi, et al., 2017). If reading skills are developed, from reading, such as Hamka poetry, character education is obtained (Solihati, 2017). Through reading activities children will get social value stability (Muhammadi, et al., 2018). Thus, from language skills obtained a number of values that are important for the maturity of one's personality. The same thing certainly applies to someone who reads the obituary.

CONCLUSIONS
The description finds that the content of obituaries meets the element of 5W + 1H. Therefore, Obituary is classified as straight news. Elements of 'who' reveals the names of the people who die, 'what' reveals the profession or role in the institution/community, 'when' reveals the time they die, their illness, when they pioneer and end their career, 'where' they die, where they initiate -end his career, funeral, and the cause (why) of uncovering the events leading up to the end of their life, and 'how' to uncover the procession of cemetery. Since it is written to gain the wisdom of them, the element of 'who' and 'what' get more exposure.
The figures are discussed in various ways, such as the mention of their title, greeting, or attributes that are in accordance with the character they have already built. Everything can be summed up using a third person point of view. Their titles are according to their ability, achievement, or superiority that have been formed and gained. They have specific greeting/calling, namely the mention of the deceased or his/her remains.
The collection of the material is obtained by interview(s). This is marked by the use of the verb says or forward according to. This technique is the fastest way for the journalists to build the obituary. The authors of obituary present their writings with the emphasis on the personality, career (: toughness, persistence, solidarity, or protecting), or upholding the professionalism or skills.
Further, this research finds that obituary is the types of text that can represent the way of Indonesians appreciate the ones who have passed away, regardless of issues that might have impacted the subject's characters that are being portrayed. In addition, this way of presenting obituaries are very likely to be a lesson to be learned within teachinglearning contexts. Thus, this type of writing may be used at schools.
The journalists write the specification of roles or skills of the figures who were preached. The writing of obituary can complement an existing biography or it can be a stub that needs to be developed. In addition to writing material about an obituary, it can be proposed to become Indonesian Language textbook learning materials, particularly in higher grade (elementary school grades 5 and 6).